51
Sam: Get off the grass, Dino. OK, come on. Be careful, because youre
gonna get hurt. Guys, be careful of the pictures. Be careful of the pretty pictures.
Randy: Sam, youre early.
Sam: All the lights were green. When I was walking here, all the lights
were green. Randy:
Theres a reason for the court schedule. You stopped showing up. Lucys had to rebuild her whole life, Sam.
Sam: I want her back. I know I can get her back.
Sandy: Thats not up to me. But Im just gonna tell you... Im gonna do
everything in my power... to protect that little girl from getting hurt again. Whose dogs are these?
Sam: These are supplemental income. Because I wash and I walk and I
feed the dogs. Sam Dawson has everything for your canine needs. Sandy:
Let me go get your daughter. See on Appendices
In his first utterance, Sam uses words ungrammatically and there are words that give the impression of informality such as ‘guys’, ‘OK’, and ‘gonna’. In his
second utterance, he uses standard language that gives the impression of formality. But, he also repeats his words that make these data become informal. So, it is
classiffied into casual and formal styles. The third utterance, Sam speaks formally by using standard language. But, in his last utterance he uses both casual and formal
styles.
VI. Children shoe shop
Sam: Is that too big? Lucy: I think thats a little too big.
Sam: You need a pair of good, sturdy school shoes.
See on Appendices
In this conversation, in Sam’s first utterance Is that too big?, eventhough he talks to his daughter in normal condition, he still uses standard language that can
make this be classified into formal style. But in the second utterance You need a pair
52 of good, sturdy school shoes, he uses non standard language, so it can be classified
into casual style.
VII. In the classroom
Lucy: There are four stages of a butterflys life. The first three stages are
from egg to larva to cocoon. Last...
Sam: Theyre hard to remember because theres so many stages. Its
hard to remember. Lucy:
33 days. It lasts 33 days. See on Appendices
Sam’s utterance in this conversation is classified into formal style because he uses standard language in his utterance. Using the standard language is one of the
characteristics of formal style by Joos’ theory. But, it can also be classified into casual style due to the repeating words in the end by Sam.
VIII. In the Courtroom
First Dialogue
Judge: Ms. Calgrove also cites... Mr. Dawsons mental delays which raise
serious questions... about his ability to properly parent. I find at this time... its not in the best interest of the child to remain in the home.
And I order her detained... until a formal jurisdictional hearing. Mr. Dawson. Is there anything youd like to add?
Sam: I wanted to make it a really special surprise party. So I went, and
I got plates at the Pic n Save... in yellow and in pink-- Like a princess. And then I went to the toy store... and I got balloon with
the helium in them.
Judge: Mr. Dawson?
Sam: Yes.
Judge: It sounds like you gave her such a lovely party.
Sam: Yes, Im sure it was.
Judge: Right now, I want to talk to you about your legal rights.
Sam: OK. Theres room at this table... if anybody wants to sit next to
me. Judge:
I just want to talk to you about your legal rights... so if you have not already retained legal counsel... the court will appoint someone for
53 you... to present your case on January 5. OK? Thats a month from
now...
Sam: So I come back here in one month with Lucy.
Judge: No, Mr. Dawson. You will have monitored visits... two times a week
for two hours. And now were moving on to 4-D, Parker—
Sam: What do you mean?
Judge: You will see Lucy two times a week for two hours.
Sam: Why isnt Lucy going home with me? I want her to go home with
me. Judge:
Not today. Thank you, Mr. Dawson. 4-D. Parker vs. Van Wert. Thank you.
See on Appendices
In this conversation, eventhough the place in which the conversation took place is court, the place which we have to talk very formal, Sam still uses informality
in his utterance. We can see it from the words he used. He answered the judge’s question with ‘I wanted’ instead of ‘I would like to’. He actually should answer that
with ‘I would like to’ because the question from the judge is ‘Is there anything youd like to add?’. Furthermore, Sam answered judge’s with the word ‘yes’ only without
other utterance.So, the first and second utterance are classified into casual style because Joos said in his theory that casual style can be indicated from the
ungrammatically language. The third utterance is classified into formal style because he uses standard language. But, in the fourth utterance he uses standard and non-
standard language in it. The word ‘OK’ indicates informality and the sentence after this is in standard language. So, that is why this utterance is classified into casual and
formal style. In the fifth, sixth, and seventh utterances Sam speaks formally because his words are in standard langugae so this indicates the utterance as formal style. So,
this conversation is classified into formal style. Based on Martin Joos theory, he said that one of the characteristics of formal or deliberative style is usually used for
important or serious situation. In the data, Sam and the Judge are talking about
54 important thing and they are in the serious situation. In addition, the other part of
formal style can be known by theusing of standard language. In the data, we can see every figure uses the standard language and the sentences structure is more complex.
Second Dialogue
Sam: Hi, guys. All:
Hi, Sam. Boy, you did a wonderful job making those signs. Brad: Youre welcome, Sam.
Ifty: Good luck, buddy.
Joe: Go get em.
See on Appendices
In this conversation, Sam speaks casually by saying ‘hi, guys’ in the conversation to greet his friends. It gives the impression of informality, so it is
classified into casual style.
Third Dialogue Sam: I think they want you to stop.
Rita: Really? Thank you, Sam. Sam: Yeah, OK. Brads wearing a tie today... and I think the tie looks
wonderful on you, Brad.
Brad: You look great, too. Joe:
Theres a lady-- shes writing everything down. Watch what you say.
Sam: I have the best friends in the whole world.
See on Appendices
In this conversation, eventhough the place where the conversation took place is the court, Sam doesn’t just speak formally. In his first utterance in this
conversation, Sam uses standard language than can make it be classified into formal style. But, he uses non-standard language in his second utterance by the words ‘Yeah,
OK’ that can indicate informality. And it is also classified into intimate style due to
55 the way he calls Brad by his first name. In his last utterance, Sam speaks formally in
his utterance. So it is classified into formal style.
Forth Dialogue
Tunner: These responsibilities include... busing tables, replenishing the Sweet n Lows... sweeping up the place?
Sam: Yeah .
Tunner: Arent these Mr. Dawsons only responsibilities? Because he doesnt have the mental capacity... to run a cash register or even make a cup of coffee.
George: As a matter of fact... Sam and I were discussing a promotion... we were going to put into effect next week.
Sam: Hooray for me Thank you, George.
Tunner: Thank you, George. Thats very nice. After eight years, Sam can make a cup of coffee... and he can certainly help Lucy with her geometry.
Rita: Objection.
See on Appendices
In this conversation, eventhough the place in which the conversation took place is court, Sam still speaks casually in both his utterances in this conversation.
Sam says ‘yeah’ and ‘hooray for me’ in his utterances that can give the impression of informality. But, he also speaks formally by saying ‘thank you’ instead of ‘thanks’ to
George, his friend. He also calls his friend George by his first name that can give the impression of intimacy. So, it can be classified into casual, formal, and intimate
styles.
Fifth Dialogue
Rita: What the hell happened to you? Sam: Im late.
Rita: Whats that smell? Mint? Sam: No, no. The blender exploded.
Rita: Look at me. Slow down, because Lucy needs you. Sam: Yeah, Lucy needs me.
Judge: We need you, Ms. Harrison. Sam: I go in there now, because its my turn.
56 Rita: Go sit.
See on Appendices In this conversation, although the place in which this conversation took place
is court, Sam still uses non-standard language in his utterance. In his first uterance he uses standard language that can make it be classified into formal style. But, in the
second utterance he mixes his utterance by speaking casually and formally. He says ‘no, no’ in the beginning that gives the impression of informality but he ends it up
with using standard language. So, it is classified into casual and formal styles. In his third utterance, he uses snon-standard language ‘yeah’ in the first but he ends it up
with standard language, ‘Lucy needs me’. So, it is classified into casual and formal styles. In his last utterance, he uses standard language so it is classified into formal
style.
Sixth Dialogue
Tunner: Mr. Dawson, your lawyer just objected. You didnt have to answer that
question. You cant even follow simple rules... youve been observing day after day.
Rita: Objection. Your Honor—
Judge: Overruled.
Tunner: What makes you think you can raise a 7-year-old? A 10-year-old? A
13-year-old? You know what that means? Shell be six years more advanced than you. What makes you think you can do that? What
makes you think you can do that? What makes you think you can do that?
Sam: I have had a lot of time, see, to think about what it is that makes
somebody a good parents and its about constancy. And its about patience, and its about listening. And its about pretending to
listen even when you cant listen anymore. And its about love, like she said. See, Billy has a home with me and I made it the best I
could. And its not perfect and Im not a perfect parent and sometimes I dont have enough patience. And I forget hes just a
little kid. But we built a life together and we love each other. And if you destroy that itll be irre--irrep-- Let me see. Let me see.
See on Appendices
57 In this conversation, Sam’s only utterance is classified into casual and formal
styles. Eventhough it is in court, Sam still uses non-satandard language such as, ‘see’. He also uses conjunction ‘and’ in many sentences that can indicate informality.
But, he also uses standard language in his utterance such as, ‘But we built a life together and we love each other’. So, these data are classified into formal style.
Based on Martin Joos theory, formal or deliberative style can be identified by the using of standard language. In the data, we can see all figures use the standart
language in speaking. It is also connected with the relation between participant or to whom we are talking in. Here, the conversation occures between Tunner, a lawyer, to
Sam as the defendant in this meeting in the court. They are talking serious problem about Sam’s right to take care of his child. So, automatically both of them use the
standard language. The using of standart language is also the charateristic of formal style as Martin Joos said in His theory. So, because all of these reasons, the writer
concludes these data can be categorized into formal style.
IX. In the Office
