In the Restaurant Classified Based on the Place

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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING

In this chapter, the writer analyzes the data to answer the two research questions as stated in chapter one. The analysis of five language styles are focused on the context of situation, subject matter, the audience and the mode of discourse in dialogue that can be found in the movie.

4.1 Classified Based on the Place

The data are classified based on the place the conversation happened due to the context of situation. The conversation is analyzed one by one and is separated by the location it took place.

I. In the Restaurant

First Dialogue Sam: Oopsie. Decaf double tall nonfat capp for Bruce. Bruce: You got it, buddy. Sam: Thats a wonderful choice, Bruce. Bruce: Thank you, Sam. Take care. Sam: It certainly is. One Caramel Macchiato. Its very hot. Sam: Good morning. Vanilla grande no-foam latte. Thats a wonderful choice. Customer: Thanks, Sam. Sam: Yeah . See on Appendices In this conversation, Sam’s first utterance i.e. ‘Oopsie. Decaf double tall nonfat capp for Bruce’ is classified into intimate style because Sam calls his 23 customer with his nickname Bruce which gives the impression of intimacy. In addition, the relationship of Sam and Bruce is friend which is close enough to call each other with their nickname. Sam’s second utterance in this conversation Thats a wonderful choice, Bruce is classified into formal and intimate style because Sam says standard language ‘Thats a wonderful choice’. But, he also calls his customer with his nickname, ‘Bruce’, so it is also classified into intimate style. Sam’s third utterance It certainly is. One Caramel Macchiato. Its very hot is classified into formal style due to the standard language he uses. The forth utterance ‘Good morning. Vanilla grande no-foam latte. Thats a wonderful choice’ is also classified into formal style because he uses standard language instead of the informal one to his customer. But, in his last utterance, he speaks casually to his customer by saying ‘yeah’. So, this utterance is classified into casual style. So, this conversation is classified into casual style because the background of the dialogue occurred in informal situation which happened in the restaurant in which Sam, the leading character, works as a waiter and serves his customer. Eventhough he was talking to his customer, in this situation the customer had known about him before so they had an enough relationship to speak casual. In addition, they call by name to each other. Joos indicates that as casual style. Joos said that casual style is characterized by the use of the first name or even nickname rather than last name in addressing one another. So this thing can indicate these data as casual style. Second Dialogue George: Hey, Sam. They called. Its time for you to go. Sam: Oh, yeah, its time. George: Its time, buddy. Sam: Its time for me to go now. Its time for me to go now, George George: Good luck. 24 See on Appendices In this conversation, Sam is talking to his close friend, George. In Sam’s first utterance Oh, yeah, its time, Sam speaks casually by saying ‘Oh, yeah’ and this makes the utterance classified into casual style. But the words ‘it’s time’ is in standard language, so it is classified into formal style. In the last utterance i.e. Its time for me to go now. Its time for me to go now, George, Sam speaks formally by saying ‘It’s time for me to go’, but he also repeats his words that gives the impression of informality. Sam also calls his friend by his nickname, George. So, there are three styles in his last utterance, they are formal, casual, and intimate style. So, happening in the normal situation is one the characteristics of casual style. In this situation, George talks to Sam in normal situation. Eventhough it happens in their workplace, restaurant, they talk informal to each other. It is signed in their way to call each other with their first name, not last name. However, in the data Sam and George talk as a friend so it means there is no a different social class, status or higher position between them. The word ‘buddy’ can also indicate these data as casual style. Third Dialogue Sam: Double Macchiato, low fat, low foam. Thats a wonderful choice. Customer: Oh, my God Sam: An ice cube went down— Customer: Thank you. Oh, my God. Sam: Can I get another drink, please? Customer: Iced cappuccino. Sam: Thats a wonderful choice. Customer: Thank you. Sam: Yeah . See on Appendices 25 The first utterance used by Sam Double Macchiato, low fat, low foam. Thats a wonderful choice in this conversation is classified into formal style because he uses standard language to his customer. The second utterance An ice cube went down is also classified into formal style because he speaks grammatically. The third utterance by Sam is also categorized into formal style because he uses standard language and the word ‘please’ is used in formal situation. Although the condition and the place the conversation took place is in semiformal condition, Sam speaks formally to his customer. The next utterance is also categorized into formal style due to the standard language Sam used. But, eventhough Sam speaks formally from the first time to his customer, he ends up the conversation with the word ‘yeah’ which is not formal. So, the last utterance is classified into casual style. After all, this conversation is classified into formal style because this conversation takes place in formal conversation between the waiter and the customer who are not familiar each other. Joos said that formal style is used in formal situation.This is one of the reason why this conversation is categorized into formal style. Fourth Dialogue Grace: Rooty Tooty Fresh and Fruity. Sunnyside up, not too runny. two sausage links. French pancakes instead of buttermilk. Fruit topping on the side. The Funny Face special. I think its funny when you say Funny Face special. French, not buttermilk. Fruit topping on the side. Not on top. Youre getting a funny face. Sam: Thats a wonderful choice. Thank you, Grace. Thank you very, very, very, very much. Grace: You got it, Sam. See on Appendices In this conversation, Sam’s utterance is classified into three styles, they are, formal, casual, and intimate styles. First, it is formal because Sam uses standard 26 language. Eventhough he can speak informal to Grace, his close friend, he still uses words grammatically. Second, it is casual because Sam repeats his word ‘very’ many times and that indicates informality. The third, it is intimate because he calls his friend with her first name that gives the impression of intimacy. After all, it can be classified into casual style because there is a word which indicate the casual style. Grace calls Sam with his nickname eventhough in this situation Sam is his customer. Grace and Sam talk as a friend so that these data can be classified into casual style. Because they were talking in relax situation. Fifth Dialogue Lily: Hey, you. Hey, handsome. Premature baby claims hes Cupid. Has arrow to prove it. You believe that? Sam: But if he has the arrow, thats the only thing. Lily: You got a good point. Sam: This is the lnternational House of Pancakes quiz. And Lucy found the word beet. I want to surprise her and find the word carrot... but its hiding. Lily: Carrot Sam: Where? Lily: C-a-r-r--carrot. Carrot. Its right there. Sam: And youre smart. You would be a good mother. Do you tell good stories? Lily: I got stories up the wazoo. Sam: Really? Lily: You come with me and relax... and Ill tell you some nice stories. See on Appendices In this conversation, Sam’s first and second utterances i.e. But if he has the arrow, thats the only thing and This is the lnternational House of Pancakes quiz. And Lucy found the word beet. I want to surprise her and find the word carrot... but its hiding are classified into formal style because he uses standard language to talk with the woman he just met at the first time. But, in the next utterance he speaks 27 informally by saying ‘where?’. So the second utterance is classified into casual style. In the forth utterance he speaks both formally and informally that can be classified into formal and casual style. He says ‘and you’re smart’ that indicates informality because he uses non-standard language. But in the end he speaks grammatically by talking in standard language. In the last utterance Sam speaks casually by saying ‘really?’ so this can be classified into casual style.After looking at the dialogue, Sam and Lily are talking something not serious. Casual style is also marked by the using of simple language and give the short reponses. in the conversation, Lily tries to flirt Sam to come with her. The other characteristic of casual style is social bariers are moderately low. In this movie, Sam is the visitor and Lily is the prostitute. However, in the data Sam and Lily talk as a friend, so it means there is no a different social class, status or higher position between them. Sixth Dialogue Waitress: We dont have French pancakes. We have French toast. Sam: No, I dont want French toast. I want French pancakes. like at IHOP. Just the same kind like they have at IHOP. Thats what my favorite breakfast is, OK? Lucy: Theyre those thin pancakes. Waitress: The crepe pancakes? Sam: I dont even want crepes. I want to have French pancakes... with the fruit topping on the side. Thats what I want to have, please. Thank you. Waitress: We dont have that, though, sir. Do you want regular pancakes and jam— Sam: I dont want something else Why did you ask me that? Waitress: Ill see. Maybe they have something— Sam: Yeah, ask Bob Waitress: OK. Sam: Ask Bobs Big Boy. Because the customers always right. Waitress: I understand that— Sam: The customers always right. See on Appendices 28 In this conversation, Sam’s first utterance No, I dont want French toast. I want French pancakes. like at IHOP. Just the same kind like they have at IHOP. Thats what my favorite breakfast is, OK? is classified into casual and formal style. In here, Sam uses non-standard language at first but continuing it with standard language. The second utterance by Sam is formal style because he speaks grammatically and he talks with standard language. Moreover, he also uses word ‘please’ in his utterance. The third utterance is also classified into formal style due to the standard language he uses. Eventhough in the beginning he speaks formally, in the forth and fifth utterances he speaks casually. He says ‘yeah’ and uses words in non-standard language. In the last of his utterance, he uses standard language again and it is classified into formal style. Seventh Dialogue Sam: Im ready to make coffee. Decaf nonfat latte. Its coffee up to here, nonfat milk up to here... and chocolate or cinnamon sprinkles. George: Thats pretty good, Sam. Ill think about it. Well come up with a promotion thats good for you. Sam: But I know what that means. When I worked as a janitor at the La Reina Theater... I asked Mr. Jenkins if I could be a ticket-taker... and he said he would think about it. And Jimmy Peters got the job. And he let his friends in for free. George: I promise you, Sam. Well come up with something for you. You have my word. Sam: Word, words, words. I need more than that. I need to make coffee. I need to pay my lawyer. See on Appendices The first utterance by Sam in this conversation is classified into formal style because Sam uses standard language, eventhough he speaks with his close friend. But, in his second and third utterances, he uses both standard and non- standard language that can classify these utterances as casual and formal style. After 29 all, these data are classified into casual style. Because George calls Sam with his nickname. This conversation happens in normal situation between Sam and George. And eventhough George is Sam’s supervisor, they talk as a friend. We can see that from the language they used. They call each other with nickname instead of last name. This can indicate the data as casual style. Joos also said in his theory that the pronunciation in casual style is rapid and often slurred. And Sam’s pronunciation in these data are slurred. Eighth Dialogue Rita: I dont think you realize what youre up against. We have to be in court in three days... and we dont have a decent witness. Now, youve got to know someone who can testify... whos been to college... or has a degree of some kind... or has some way of expressing themselves... that will make the court believe you deserve... to get your daughter back. I need coffee. Big, tall. Sam: Tall is the smallest. Rita: Yeah, of course. Once you think of this person... and there has to be one person, call me at work. Because Im going back there now... to my seven other cases. What? Mrs. Robeck. Im on the 405. The traffic is horrible. Sam: You want this for here or to go? Rita: Dorothy? Sam: Oh, no. No. Tow truck is towing your car. Rita: Son of a bitch. Sam: Its towing your car. Rita: No, wait Stop Its my car. Stop. See on Appendices In this conversation, Sam uses standard language in his first utterance ‘tall is the smallest’ so that it is classified into formal style. But, in the second utterance, he uses non-standard language so it is classified into casual style. In his third utterance, Sam uses non-standard language by saying ‘Oh, no. No.’ but he adds it with standard language by saying ‘Tow truck is towing your car’. So, it is classified 30 into casual and formal styles. In the last utterance, he uses standard language by saying ‘it’s towing your car’, so it is classified into casual style. Ninth Dialogue Sam: You made her cry. Rita: I got lucky. Sam: Oh, no. Thats not nice to make her cry. Rita: Only in there. Sam: And your secretary when you hated your desk. Sam: Green and yellow on the same plate. Could you separate the lima beans... from the corn, please? Rita: Sam, dont be impossible. Can I have the spinach omelette-- only egg whites, no fat, no oil, no butter. Waitress: And extra mushrooms? Rita: Absolutely. Sam: My treat. Rita: No, no, no— See on Appendices In his first utterance, Sam talks formally because his words are in standard language. So, it is classified into formal style. But, in the second utterance he speaks both casually and formally. It is classified into casual style due to the using of words ‘Oh, no.’ that indicates informality. But, in the second utterance in his second utterance he uses standard language that can make this be classified into formal style. In his next utterance he uses non-standard language by using ‘and’ in front of the sentence, so it is classified into casual style. His forth utterance is classified into formal style because he uses standard language and the using word ‘please’ in the end of his utterance can also give the impression of formality. But, in his last utterance, he speaks casually again by saying ‘my treat’ to Rita. These data 31 are classified into casual style because they talked in normal situation. Rita and Sam talkedas friend here. And the unawareness toward grammar can also indicate these data as casual style. The words such as “Oh, no” can give the immpression of informality itself. Tenth Dialogue George: Todays your big day, buddy. Making coffee. You ready? Sam: Thank you, George. George: What time you got to be in court? Sam: I have to be on the stand at 2:00. Two venti Caramel Macchiatos. See on Appendices Sam’s first utterance in this conversation is classified into formal and intimate style because he uses standard language and calls his friend with his first name that gives sign that he is his close friend. The second utterance is classified into formal style due to the standard language that he uses. So, these data can be categorized as casual style because the dialogue occurred in normal situation between George and Sam in the restaurant. Eleventh Dialogue Rita: Sam, theres one option weve never talked about. I know what you went through... the last time you took the stand. Sam: I didnt like that at all. Rita: We could give the foster parents guardianship... and then we could try... for the most incredible visitation rights... and it would almost seem like joint custody. Sam: Youre saying I dont have a chance. Thats what youre saying. Rita: No. Im not saying you dont have a chance. Joe: Thats what you said last time and now look where he is. Sam: But shes not saying that I dont have a chance. So tell me that I have a chance. Ifty: Oh, my God. Sam, you guys... its video night at my house, and Im not even there. Joe: Check. Brad: Sam, get your dessert to go. 32 Sam: Because, OK. Wait. This is really hard to say. For me, this is a very hard thing to say... but Im gonna stay and have my dessert here with Rita... and Im not gonna go to video night tonight. Brad: What? Joe: Gee, that figures. I knew that was coming. See on Appendices Sam’s first utterance in this conversation is classified into casual style because his words give the impression of informality. He should say ‘I didn’t like all of them’ instead of ‘I didn’t like that at all’. But, it is suitable for the condition the conversation took place, in normal situation. His second utterance is also classified into casual style because it is in non-standard language. Sam’s last utterance is classified into casual and formal styles. It is classified into casual styles due to the words that indicate informality such as ‘OK’, ‘Wai t’, and ‘Gonna’. It is also classified into formal style due to the using of standard language in the sentence ‘this is a very hard thing to say’. So, these data are classified into casual style because they talked in normal situation and they use simple language without awaring grammar. Calling each other with their first name instead of last name is one of the characteristics of casual style like what Joos said in his theory. Twelfth Dialogue Rita: Sam, theres one option weve never talked about. I know what you went through... the last time you took the stand. Sam: I didnt like that at all. Rita: We could give the foster parents guardianship... and then we could try... for the most incredible visitation rights... and it would almost seem like joint custody. Sam: Youre saying I dont have a chance. Thats what youre saying. Rita: No. Im not saying you dont have a chance. Joe: Thats what you said last time and now look where he is. Sam: But shes not saying that I dont have a chance. So tell me that I have a chance. 33 Ifty: Oh, my God. Sam, you guys... its video night at my house, and Im not even there. Joe: Check. Brad: Sam, get your dessert to go. Sam: Because, OK. Wait. This is really hard to say. For me, this is a very hard thing to say... but Im gonna stay and have my dessert here with Rita... and Im not gonna go to video night tonight. Brad: What? Joe: Gee, that figures. I knew that was coming. See on Appendices Sam’s first utterance in this conversation is classified into casual style because his words give the impression of informality. He should say ‘I didn’t like all of them’ instead of ‘I didn’t like that at all’. But, it is suitable for the condition the conversation took place, in normal situation. His second utterance is also classified into casual style because it is in non-standard language. Sam’s last utterance is classified into casual and formal styles. It is classified into casual styles due to the words that indicate informality such as ‘OK’, ‘Wai t’, and ‘Gonna’. It is also classified into formal style due to the using of standard language in the sentence ‘this is a very hard thing to say’.

II. In the Apartment