In the Office Classified Based on the Place

57 In this conversation, Sam’s only utterance is classified into casual and formal styles. Eventhough it is in court, Sam still uses non-satandard language such as, ‘see’. He also uses conjunction ‘and’ in many sentences that can indicate informality. But, he also uses standard language in his utterance such as, ‘But we built a life together and we love each other’. So, these data are classified into formal style. Based on Martin Joos theory, formal or deliberative style can be identified by the using of standard language. In the data, we can see all figures use the standart language in speaking. It is also connected with the relation between participant or to whom we are talking in. Here, the conversation occures between Tunner, a lawyer, to Sam as the defendant in this meeting in the court. They are talking serious problem about Sam’s right to take care of his child. So, automatically both of them use the standard language. The using of standart language is also the charateristic of formal style as Martin Joos said in His theory. So, because all of these reasons, the writer concludes these data can be categorized into formal style.

IX. In the Office

First Dialogue Sam: How do you do? Im Sam. Rita: Mr. Dawson. Its a pleasure. Since somebody made a mistake... unfortunately we only have a little time. Hold my calls unless its my kid. Sam: Thats a wonderful choice. Rita: Can we get you something to drink? Sam: Is it for free? Rita: My treat. Sam: OK. Thank you. Yes, I would like a glass of milk. Rita: Did you get that, Patricia? Patricia: Yes. See on Appendices 58 In this conversation, Sam speaks in formal and casual style. These data can be classified into formal style because the dialogue was in serious condition that occurred in the office room where Sam met Rita whom he wants to be his lawyer for the first time. We can classify Sam’s first utterance to be formal style because there are sentences that indicate it such as, ‘ How do you do?’. It is a formal sentence to greet someone.From the data, we know that the conversation occures in Rita office room. So, it is a private thing. So, it is why the data is the part of formal style. Formal style is also marked with single hearer. In this situation it occures between Sam and Rita. Furthermore, Joos adds that the using of standard language also the other charateristic of formal or deliberative style. The second and third utterances by Sam ‘That’s a wonderful choice’ and ‘is it for free?’ are also classified into formal style due to the using of standard language. But, in the last utterance, Sam uses both casual and formal style. He says ‘OK’ in the first that indicates informality. But, he end it up with formal language ‘Thank you. Yes, I would like a glass of milk’. So, this conversation can be classified into formal style because the dialogue was in serious condition that occurred in the office room where Sam met Rita whom he wants to be his lawyer for the first time. From the data, we know that the conversation occures in Rita office room. So, it is a private thing. So, it is why the data is the part of formal style. Formal styleis also marked with single hearer. In this situation it occures between Sam and Rita. Furthermore, Joos adds that the using of standard language also the other charateristic of formal or deliberative style. Second Dialogue Sam: Lucy Lucy: Daddy? Sam: Im here. Im here. Lucy: Its Daddy. I told you 59 Sam: Oh, shoot I spilled it all. Hi. See on Appendices In this conversation, Sam’s first utterance is classified into intimate style because he calls his daughter by her first name and this is also a conversation between family. His second utterance is classified into casual and formal style. It can be classified into formal due to the standard language he uses and it can be classified into casual because he repeats the same words he uses that indicates informality. His last utterance can be classified into casual and formal styles. It can be classified into casual style because this conversation happened in normal situation as Sam came to see Lucy and said ‘hi’ to her. Third Dialogue Sam: And guess her name is. Her name is Rita Harrison. Lucy: Lovely Rita Meter Maid? Sam: Yeah, and Harrison like George. Lucy: Is she going to help us? Sam: She cant help us... but if she ever finds her friends number... who does this kind of cases, shes gonna call me. Youve grown. Lucy: Have I? Sam: Yeah. Because your ears are bigger... and your eyes are older. Guess what Im gonna get when I get my next paycheck? Im gonna get an answering machine... because then you can call and leave a message. You can say, Hi. This is Lucy. Lucy: We cant afford an answering machine. Sam: Yeah, because Im gonna get a big promotion... a promotion thats big. Lucy: Theyll let you make coffee? Sam: Always set your dreams high, Lucy. Lucy: Im sorry, Daddy. It was all my fault. Sam: Dont say that. It was not all your fault, so dont say that. See on Appendices Eventhough he talks with his daughter, he uses formal langugae in his first utterance in this conversation. But, casual style is also exist in it since he uses non- 60 standard language at the first and ends it up with standard language. But, in his second utterance ‘Yeah, and Harrison like George’, he uses is classified into casual style because that utterance indicates informality. In the third utterance, he uses formal and casual styles. He speaks grammatically in the first time and he also uses non-standard language such as ‘gonna’ in his utterance. In the fourth utterance ‘Yeah, because Im gonna get a big promotion... a promotion thats big’, he uses non- standard language which can classify this conversation as casual style because it indicates informality. In the next utterance, Sam uses standard language again to command her daughter to set her dreams high. But, he doesn’t put the word ‘please’ in the sentence so it is classified into casual style. Sam also ends up his utterance by calling her daughter by name, Lucy. So it is classified into intimate style because calling someone with their nickname gives the impression of intimacy. In the last utterance ‘Dont say that. It was not all your fault, so dont say that’, Sam speaks casually by saying ‘don’t say that’ because he gives command without saying ‘please’. But, he also uses standard language in the end, so this utterance is classified into casual and formal style. Forth Dialogue Sam: Excuse me. Rita: Im sorry. Sam: Hi Did you get in touch with your friend? Because I need legal advice now. You said I couldnt afford you... so I have to talk to somebody. Rita: Thats why I told you I would be your lawyer pro bono. Sam: I dont understand exactly what you mean. You told me that you would be my lawyer? Rita: Sam, Im your— Sam: Golly, because I must have misunderstood. Rita: I told you that when we first met. See on Appendices 61 In this conversation, in his first utterance Sam speaks formally by saying ‘excuse me’. It is suitable for the place the conversation took place. But, then Sam doesn’t speak formally anymore due to the word ‘hi’ that he uses to greet Rita. After that, in the same utterance, he keeps talking formally again to Rita. So, this utterance is classified into casual and formal style. In the next utterance Sam speaks in standard language in the first sentence and continues it with non-standard language. So, this utterance can be classified into formal and casual style. In the last utterance, Sam speaks casually by saying ‘Golly, because I must have misunderstood’ that can indicate informality. Fifth Dialogue Sam: Thats Rita. Hi Its 3:00 in the morning. Hi Rita: What were you thinking? What were you possibly thinking? Sam: I wanted to be with Lucy. Rita: Thats ridiculous Willy, stay here with me. What could you possibly gain by kidnapping your kid... in the middle of a custody hearing? Sam: Lucy told me— Rita: I dont want to hear it Can you possibly explain this to me? Who is the goddamn parent? Sam: Me. See on Appendices In this conversation, eventhough the place is in the social worker office, Sam talks casually to Risa by saying ‘Hi’. But, he also uses standard language by saying ‘Its 3:00 in the morning’ that can give the impression of formality. So, it is classified into casual and standard language. The second and third utterances by Sam are classified into formal style due to the standard language that he uses. The last utterance is classified into casual style because he just says ‘me’ that indicates informality. Sixth Dialogue 62 Rita: Our strategy is... were aggressively pursuing a support system. Im going to ask you... How are you prepared to help Lucy at school? Sam: Let me see. Let me see. Rita: Sam, I told you, you have to stop saying that. It makes you look stupid. OK, try again. You say you will find her a tutor. Then I say, How will you pay for it? Sam: Could you slow down? Why do you eat so fast? Rita: We have been over this a million times. Sam: Yeah . Rita: You found her a free tutoring service at the YWCA. Sam: But I didnt. You did. Rita: Can you grasp the concept of... manipulating the truth? Not lying. Just a little tweak here and there. Sam: No. Youre so lucky. You get to play with Willy any time you want. Rita: He doesnt want to play with me. Sam: Yes, he does. Yes, he does. He does. He thinks you dont want to play, maybe. Rita: Thats ridiculous. Of course I do. Sam: Tweak. Rita: I drove around after work yesterday till 9:30... Iooking for that frigging Raptor scooter See on Appendices In this conversation, Sam speaks casually in his first utterance. It is classified into casual style because Sam uses language that gives impression of informality and he also repeats his words. It is one of the characteristics of casual style. In his second utterance, he uses standard language so it is classified into formal style. But, in the third utterance, he says ‘yeah’ that indicates informality so that it is classified into casual style. In the forth utterance, Sam speaks formally again by saying words grammatically. The next utterance by Sam is classified into casual and formal styles. It is classified into casual style because he just says ‘no’ in his utterance. But, he speaks grammatically in the next sentence in it. In the sixth utterance, he says words grammatically ‘yes, he does’. But, he repeats the words that gives the impression of formality. So, it is classified into casual and formal styles. The last utterance by Sam is classified into casual style. 63 Seventh Dialogue Rita: Hello, Mr. Dawson. Sam: Yes. Hello, lawyer. Rita: Shall we? See on Appendices In this conversation, Sam’s only utterance is classified formal style because he says ‘hello’ instead of ‘hi’ to Rita, his lawyer. These data are classified into formal style because they use standart language. Joos said in his theory, using the standart language is one of the characteristics of formal style. The participants in this dialogue don’t use nickname to call each other because they are in serious situation. And the place where the dialogue occurs is one of the thing we must see to decide what the language style of the dialogue is. The dialogue is occured in social workers office. So they should use standart language. Eighth Dialogue Wright: It gives us great insight into what she must be feeling. Mr. Dawson, its becoming clear... that shes holding herself back in the classroom. Its as if shes literally afraid to learn. No one doubts that you love your daughter. But the Department of Child and Family Services... contacted us. They shared with us that your records show... that your intellectual capacity... is around that of a seven-year-old. Our concern is what happens when Lucy turns eight. Principal: Mr. Dawson, do you understand... what Ms. Wright is trying to tell you about Lucy? Sam: John wanted to try new things. And it wasnt Yokos fault. No, it wasnt Yokos fault. Annie says you can hear it on The White Album. Because John wanted to try new things. See on Appendices 64 In this conversation, Sam’s utterance is classified into formal style because Sam talks with standard language. Moreover, Sam is talking with principal in serious situation. But, eventhough the condition is formal enough, in the end Sam’s utterance gives the impression of informality because he repeats his words. So, his utterance can be classified into formal and casual style. So, this conversation can be classified into formal style. Joos in his theory said that one of the characteristic of formal style or deliberative style is, it is used for important or serious situation. In the data, Sam, Lucy’s teacher, and the principal are talking about serious problem. Moreover, in deciding what style the data is, whether it is public or private, it can be known based on place of the data. From the data, we know that the conversation occures in the Principal office in school. So, from these characteristics, the writer can classify these data to formal style. Ninth Dialogue Rita: I am celebrating congratulations to us. These are the moments. Good night. Sam: By any chance, did you call your friend? The one that does this kind of work? Rita: I dont have her number anymore. We lost touch. Yeah, that happens. Sam: If you get back in touch with her... and you find her number, will you call me? Im just in the middle of-- Its a special— Rita: Yeah, Ill call you. Sam: OK. Yeah. Rita’s Friend: Is that the new janitor? Rita: Oh, its a... a case Im helping out with... sort of a pro bono thing. Whats that supposed to mean? Patricia: Cracker went down the wrong pipe. Rita: You think I dont do pro bono? Rita’s Friend: Have another glass, please. On me. No, on you. Its pro bono. Rita: I do pro bono. Rita’s Friend: I know. You go, girl. You just spread that love. Spread it all around. See on Appendices 65 In this conversation, Sam’s first utterance is classified into formal style becasuse in that utterance Sam uses standard language to Rita eventhough the place where the conversation took place is not in formal place. The second utterance by Sam in this conversation is classified into formal and casual style. He uses standard language in the first, but he cuts his utterance in the end. His last utterance is classified into casual style as he says ‘OK. Yeah’ that can indicate informality.

X. In the consultation room