process. In this research, the researcher made some discussions with other researchers who conducted similar types of research in different settings. It was
used to determine the success and weakness in the action.
2. Reliability
To avoid the subjectivity in analyzing the data and to get the trustworthiness, the researcher used a triangulation through interviews with a
collaborator and observations. Burns 1999:63 states that triangulation is a way of arguing if different methods of investigation produce the same result. Such data
are believed to be valid. The aim of triangulation is to gather multiple perspectives on the situation being studied. In this study, the researcher used more than one
triangulation technique. They were time triangulation, investigator triangulation,
and theoretical triangulation. They are described as follows. 1.
Time triangulation
The data are collected at the different points in time or over a period of time to get a sense of what factors are involved in the process of changes. In
study, the researcher collected the data before, during, and after the implementation of the action by observing the teaching and learning process and
also interviewed the students and the teacher before, during and after the implementation.
2. Investigator researcher triangulation
In this research, datawere collected by more than one researcher in the same research setting to avoid researcher bias and provide checks on the
reliability of the observations. In this study, the researcher collaborated with the teacher in implementing the actions.
3. Theoretical triangulation
Data are analyzed from more than one theoretical perspective. In this study, the researcher consulted documents related to learner autonomy and also
developed theoretical ideas from her own and others’ observations and reflections.
Triangulation has a number of advantages. Not only does it provide a more balanced picture, it can also help to explain things that seem to contradict or not
support each other.
