Interview Guideline Observation Forms Questionnaires

Table 3.1: Description of the Respondents Blank Sex Educational Background Teaching Experience Group of Respondents F M S1 S2 S3 5 5-10 10 English teachers English lecturers

C. Research Instruments

There were three kinds of instrument used in this research. They were interview checklist, observation forms, and questionnaires.

1. Interview Guideline

An interview is a way of gathering data about people’s feelings, thoughts, beliefs, and opinions by asking them some questions related to the issues topics being investigated. The responses of the interviews are taken by recording using a tape-recorder or taking notes Ary et al., 1979: 434. In this study, an informal interview was conducted to the English teachers of SMA 9 Yogyakarta. To conduct the interview, the writer employed an interview guideline. The interview guideline consisted of some questions to obtain information on learners’ characteristics and background knowledge from the teacher’s perspective. In addition, the interview was also important to know and estimate the facilities and learning media available to support the listening teaching learning activities there. The findings of the interview were presented in Chapter IV and the list of the interview questions can be seen in Appendix 2.

2. Observation Forms

Observation is the way of gathering information by careful watching and recording of something, e.g. a natural phenomenon, as it happens. It aims to gain a complete description of behavior in a specific natural setting Ary et al., 1979: 430. In this study, an observation form which functioned as guidance for the writer to focus on what is important to observe during teaching-learning activities was employed to conduct the observations. The observations were aimed at gaining information needed in developing the listening materials concerning the students’ needs and interests particularly in listening, the behaviors of the students’ in the class such as, students’ activeness during the teaching-learning activities and the students’ time span. The findings of the observations were presented in Chapter IV and the observation form can be seen in Appendix 3.

3. Questionnaires

A questionnaire is a list of questions asking about people’s opinion. It is a printed form of data collection that contains some statements or questions to respond. There are two types of questionnaires, namely close-ended and open- ended questionnaires Brown and Rodgers, 2002: 120. In this study, the writer distributed two kinds of questionnaires. The first kind of questionnaires was distributed to the tenth grade students of SMA 9 Yogyakarta and aimed to obtain the data concerning students’ capabilities, needs, interests, and background knowledge viewed from the perspective of the students. Besides, the estimation of the facilities and learning media available was conducted through this way. This kind of questionnaires was close-ended. The questionnaire can be seen in Appendix 4. The second kind of questionnaires was distributed to the English teachers of SMA 9 Yogyakarta and some lecturers of the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. This kind of questionnaires was distributed to obtain feedback and suggestions to improve the designed set of the materials. The data gathered were then used as the basis to revise the designed set of the materials. There were two sections in the second questionnaires. The first section of the questionnaires was close-ended and consisted of 13 statements to investigate respondents’ opinions on the designed set of the materials. In the first section of the questionnaires, the response to each statement was expressed in a likert scale on a scale of 1 to 5. The respondents completed the first section of the questionnaires by choosing one of five alternatives provided. Meanwhile, the second section of the questionnaires was open-ended and consisted of some questions to elicit respondents’ personal opinions and suggestions to improve the designed materials. The results of the questionnaires were presented in Chapter IV.

D. Data Gathering Technique