The Influence of The Alchemist

75 75 be seen through his reactions. When Santiago meets the Gypsy woman, he feels afraid. But after realizing that the Gypsy woman has the Sacred Heart of Jesus, he tries to reassure himself and prays Our Father silently. Fourth, Santiago is described as an independent person. This characteristic can be seen through his reactions. When Santiago decides to quit from the seminary and becomes a shepherd, he is ready to leave his family and to live alone. The last, Santiago is described as a determined person. It can be seen through his thought and reactions. Santiago chooses to find the treasure and leaves his sheep because he is very sure that his flock is accustomed to his absence and so do his family. There are four minor characters who influence Santiago’s motivation in realizing his dream. They are Melchizedek, the crystal merchant, Fatima, and the Alchemist. The personal description of Melchizedek shows that he is an old man. The reader can find that he is a king who is both an intelligent and a wise person through his speech, thought, reactions, and conversation with Santiago as the main character. From these ways too, I can find that Melchizedek is a generous person and is able to read what a person thinks and what happen in one’s life. Moreover, the author’s comments suggest that he is a God’s servant. The characteristics of the crystal merchant can be seen through his speech, reactions, and direct knowledge from the author. The readers may find that the crystal merchant is a conservative person. In addition, through his reactions too, the readers can understand that he is a generous and a selective man. Moreover, from his speech to another character, Santiago, the readers can find that he is a dreamer. The personal description of Fatima shows that she is a beautiful Arab girl with dark eyes. The author’s direct comment also shows that her beauty makes Santiago falls in love with her at his first sight. Through her speech and reactions, the readers may find 76 76 that she is a supportive girl. Even loves Santiago, she keeps supporting and encouraging him to pursue his dream in finding the treasure near the Pyramids. And from these two methods of characterization too, Fatima’s sincerity is seen. The author describes the Alchemist’s personal description as a mysterious desert man. The readers may find that the Alchemist is a wise man through his thoughts, speech, and actions. In addition, through his reaction and direct comment from the author, the readers can understand that he is a cautious person. Moreover, from his speech to other characters, the readers will find his brave side. Those minor characters influence Santiago. They have different ways of influencing. These minor characters consciously and unconsciously use their traits in influencing Santiago’s motivation in realizing his dream. The first minor character who influences Santiago’s motivation is Melchizedek. Melchizedek influences Santiago through their interactions. As a wise and a generous person, Melchizedek gives many advices to Santiago. He also uses his intelligent trait to convince Santiago to keep pursue in finding the treasure. His speech to Santiago and his attitude on self-control, responsibility, and leadership influence Santiago’s motivation to search it. Melchizedek shares the same traits as the one in the Holy Bible. Because of it, Santiago remembers Melchizedek easily. Through Melchizedek’s advices, Santiago gains back his motivation to continue his journey. Melchizedek realizes that he has power to help people to get back their motivation toward their Personal Legend. Based on the hierarchy of needs, Santiago’s motivation is included in esteem needs. It is because in esteem needs a person tends to look for freedom and Santiago looks for his freedom by travelling around the world. His kind of motivation is categorized in extrinsic motivation. Santiago’s motivation in realizing his dream is influenced after he hears and understands Melchizedek’s advice. Santiago is convinced 77 77 to keep searching the treasure. The crystal merchant is the second minor character who influences Santiago. The crystal merchant uses his conservative trait to influence Santiago’s motivation. As a generous person, he hires Santiago in his shop. They have a good interaction as an employee and an employer. Unconsciously, the merchant’s generosity influences Santiago’s motivation. Since Santiago has a low self-control to his motivation, he loses his motivation when the crystal merchant tells him that it is impossible for him to go to the Pyramids, when he knows that the merchant also has dream but he just keeps it as dream, and when Santiago has everything that he needs to get back as a shepherd after working at the crystal shop. In this case, the crystal merchant controls Santiago as his employee at his shop. Santiago and the crystal merchant share a mutual interaction. Through an interaction, a person can influence his or her environment. In this case, the crystal merchant influences Santiago’s motivation in realizing his dream. Hence, his motivation is included to extrinsic motivation. A person who has an extrinsic motivation is linked with a concept of external locus of control. This kind of person is called a pawn. It means Santiago is a pawn person. Fatima is the third minor character who influences Santiago’s motivation in realizing his dream. Santiago and Fatima are in love. It is mutual interaction if people are in love; they do anything for the person he or she loves. Fatima influences Santiago with her physical trait, beauty. Santiago is willingly leaving his treasure in the Pyramids just to stay in the oasis with Fatima. However, Fatima shows her supportive trait by influencing him with her pure love that he has to go on pursue his searching. Finally Fatima is succeeded in influencing Santiago’s motivation as pursue the treasure. Santiago and Fatima share a mutual interaction because they love each other. Santiago is willing to stay at the oasis as long as Fatima besides him. Based on the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 78 78 hierarchy of needs, Santiago’s motivation is included to belongingness and love. These needs are lower than esteem needs. Therefore, it is hard for Santiago to keep pursuing to find the treasure. It makes he loses his motivation in realizing his dream. Hence, Santiago’s motivation is categorized in extrinsic motivation which is linked with a pawn’s behaviour. The last minor character who influences Santiago’s motivation is the Alchemist. The Alchemist influences Santiago through their interaction. He gives his wise advice and shows his attitudes on act of leadership to Santiago. Through the Alchemist’s advice, Santiago gains his motivation and believes in Fatima’s love. It can be seen when Santiago does not want to continue his journey to the Pyramids because of Fatima, but then he changes his decision after he interacts with the Alchemist. During the journey to the Pyramids, Santiago always thinks about Fatima. When the Alchemist tells him to focus on the journey, Santiago seems hopeless. Then the Alchemist gives him advice that shows his mastery in facing this kind of problem. A hopeless person like Santiago is easily influenced by a person whose master in certain subject like the Alchemist. It means Santiago perceives his behaviour as determined by external forces beyond his control. This kind of person is called a pawn who is associated with extrinsically motivated behaviour.

5.2 Suggestions

This part is divided into two parts. The first is suggestion for the future researchers and the second part is suggestion for teaching Public Speaking I.

5.2.3 Suggestion for the Future Researchers

Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist is an inspiring novel. This novel is not only for enjoyment but rather for motivating people who read it. It is our prior ability to see the values behind events in the novel and how we value the events to come up the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 79 79 conclusions. The reason why this novel is worth to read is because it presents how a man comes up to make his dream come true. Everybody has different dreams and different ways to come up to his or her dreams. This study focuses on the major character’s motivation as influenced by the minor characters. Since the analysis of The Alchemist which is applied psychological approach is limited this thesis, analyzing on other aspects in this novel is suggested. The analysis of the characters is interesting because there are many characters in The Alchemist . Each character has his or her own role and point of view. Therefore, for those who are interested to take The Alchemist as the subject of their research, this thesis can be a reference, which will give some information about the novel.

5.2.3 Suggestion for Teaching Public Speaking I

Mastering other languages like English is difficult for students whose mother tongue is not English. It requires time to master English as well. The students should learn four language skills namely listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In this study, the writer emphasizes in teaching speaking. Teaching speaking in English is more difficult than listening and reading. Nunan says that speaking is a productive aural or oral skill 48. Speaking also requires a speaker and a listener at least. The speaker talks in order to have some effect on his or her listener while the listener has to react to what she hears and to contribute at high speed Johnson and Morrow 70. In teaching speaking, teachers do not only teach the students to speak but more to learn about the life values. Many sources can be used in learning speaking like newspapers, magazine, or literary works. Literary works like a novel is a good source to teach speaking because the students can find many moral values. A novel can amuse the students by presenting an adventure of a person to another part of the world for instance. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 80 80 Moreover, they also can enrich their vocabularies and grammar skill through reading a novel. Instead using many interesting sources, teachers have to make the teaching- learning speaking activities interesting. Teachers can use games, debates, role-plays, or story telling. In this study, the writer implements the use of literary work that is The Alchemist to teach speaking through debate. The procedures of teaching speaking using The Alchemist novel are as follow: 1. The lecturer explains briefly about The Alchemist novel. 2. The lecturer explains how to conduct a debate. 3. The lecturer distributes the selected quotations of The Alchemist novel that will be the topics to be debated. 4. The lecturer divides the students into several groups. Each group consists of seven students where one student will be the chairperson, three of them will be the Affirmative and the other three will be the Negative. 5. The lecturer gives each group a topic to be debated. 6. The lecturer gives the students time to prepare the arguments. 7. The lecturer invites each group to come in front and perform the debate. REFERENCES Anonymous. Holy Bible with DeuterocanicalsApocrypha. New York: Good News Translation, 1992. Print. Abrams, M.H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. New York: Holt, Rinehart Winston, Inc., 1981. Print. Barnet, S., William Burto and William E. Cain. Literature for Composition, Essay, Fiction, Poetry, and Drama Seventh Edition. United States: Pearson-Longman, 2005. Print. Baron, R.A. Psychology Third Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1995. Print. Blair, W. and John C. Gerber. Better Reading 2 Literature. New York: Scoot, Foresman and Company, 1984. Print. Bootzin, R.R. Elizabeth F. Loftus, and Robert B Zajonc. 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