17 beyond personal control”. There are two types of control, too Schultz 423. First is
internal locus of control. People with internal locus of control receive reinforcement under their own behaviours and attributes. In other words, they are responsible for what
they do; everything that happens in their lives. Second is external locus of control. Those who have this type of control think that reinforcement is controlled by other
people, fate, or luck. They are convinced that they are powerless with respect to these outside factors.
Weiner 254 says that Rooter’s differentiation of internal and external locus of control is similar with de Charms’ origin and pawn. An origin person perceives his
behaviour as determined by his own choice. People with internal locus of control receive reinforcement under their own behaviours and attributes. Meanwhile, a pawn
person perceives his behaviour as determined by external forces beyond his control. Thus, people who have external locus of control think that other people, fate, or luck
controls reinforcement. They are convinced that they are powerless with respect to these outside factors.
2.2 Theoretical Framework
Two problems will be analyzed in this study. First is how Santiago, the main character, and the minor characters are described in the novel. The second problem is
how the minor characters influence Santiago’s motivation in pursuing of his dream. Some theories are used in order to analyze these two problems. Those theories will be
explained in this section. The first theories that are used are character and characterization. These theories
are needed to explore how Santiago and the minor characters are described in The Alchemist.
The types of character by Holman, Abrams, Henkle, Fosters, and Milligan PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
19
19
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of three sections. They are object of the study, approach of the study, and method of the study. Object of the study is the novel used in this study.
Approach presents the approaches that are used in analyzing the novel. Method of the study describes the steps taken in analyzing the novel.
3.1 Object of the Study
The object of the study is a novel entitled The Alchemist, written by Paulo Coelho. It was published in New York, in 2006, translated by Alan R. Clarke, and
illustrated by Rodica Prato. Harper Torch published this novel. It consists of 195 pages and is divided in 2 parts. There are also a prologue and an epilogue in the novel. Since
Coelho is a Brazilian, The Alchemist firstly published in Brazil in 1988 with the title O Alquimista.
This novel has been translated into 63 languages, published in 150 countries, and has appealed to a large reading audience, regardless of their age, cultural
or religious background. The Alchemist
has received several international awards among them: the Nielsen Gold Book Award 2004 for its outstanding sales in the UK retail market; the
Corine International Award 2002 for the best fiction in Germany; the Golden Book Award 1995 and 1996 in Yugoslavia; the Super Grinzane Cavour Book Award and
Flaiano International Award 1996 in Italy; the Grand Prix Litteraire of Elle 1995 in France SantJordi-Associados. In October 2003, Paulo Coelho also achieved a
Guinness World Record for putting his signature in 53 different editions of The Alchemist
in the Frankfurt Book Fair. In 1996, Warner Brothers acquired movie rights PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
20
20 to The Alchemist.
This novel tells about a shepherd, Santiago, who tries to make his dream come true. Santiago loves to travel around the world. Some days he dreams about the treasure
in Pyramids, Egypt. This dream interrupts him so because it comes twice and unfinished. Santiago meets an old man who knows about his dream. He gives him
advice. Then, Santiago decides to leave everything he has to realize his dream. During his journey to find the treasure, he meets some people who influence his motivation.
Santiago works for a crystal merchant in Egypt almost a year. This crystal merchant also has a dream like him, but he never tries to realize it. When Santiago is about too
sure to leave his dream, he remembers with what the old man has said to him and the lesson he learns from the crystal merchant. And he decides to make his dream come
true. Getting closer to the treasure, he faces a big dilemma. He meets Fatima, the desert woman he loves. His meeting with the alchemist in the desert makes him very sure that
he has to find the treasure. Fatima also supports him. After facing all the troubles, difficulties, and obstacles of life, Santiago finally finds his treasure.
3.2 Approach of the Study
The approach that is used in the study is the psychological approach proposed by Rohrberger and Woods, Jr. 6-15. This approach involves effort to locate and
demonstrate a certain recurrent pattern, but from a different body language. The psychological approach enables the researcher to look deeply into
Santiago’s and the minor characters personalities. Getting better understanding about the major character’s personality helps the researcher in understanding his motivation;
what kind of motivation he has. The researcher also tries to find out about the minor characters’ personalities in the novel. After knowing their personalities, knowing how
