15 illocutionary act is closely connected to speaker’s intentions. For instance, stating,
requesting, apologizing, complaining and threatening are included in illocutionary act. For instances, “Will you close the door?” could mean that the speaker wants
the listener to close the door and “The room is too dark” could mean that he or she wants the listener to turn on the light because the situation in the room is too dark.
3 Perlocutionary Act
According to Cruse 2000, perlocutionary acts are “the acts performed by means of language, using language as a tool” p. 332. Searle 1987 states that
perlocutionary is also the production of illuctionary acts which contains acts of persuading, embarrassing, intimidating and inspiring the listener. For example,
someone says, “Come on. You can do it” The way a speaker persuades the listener is by speaking to him or her, but the listener or the one that is being
persuaded also needs to do what the speaker is urging.
3. Sociolinguistics
Language possesses various types of context in daily life. This part will elaborate a particular language, especially about the language and society.
Sociolinguistics is a part of linguistics that describes the relation between language and society in social context. This theory will also reveal a fact about
human’s ability in speaking which is described how the factors such as age, gender, and also social class can affect the conversation. Llamas and Stockwell
2009 argue that “societies differ from each other and change over time which shows that language is variable” p. 21. Thus, this theory explains how the
speakers use language in context of a personal or social.
16 Sociolinguistic aspects in a conversation are the major situation when the
speakers need to pay attention in language usage. The speakers should be able to produce language choice in a good concept of communication. It is related to
speech acts because the speaker’s utterances in expressing the idea and language usage determine what he or she means in the daily communication.
Sociolinguistics provides facts about human speech in relation to their conversation in the society and speech acts included in the sociolinguistic itself.
Thus, they have a strong relation and complete one another.
B. Theoretical Framework
The purpose of this study is to analyze the maxims of conversations and speech acts by the main character in Iron Man movie. The research problems are
a What are the maxims of conversation used by the main characters in Iron Man movie? b What are the speech acts used in speaking by the characters in Iron
Man movie? The research problems are solved by some theories proposed by Grice 1989. On the other side, maxim is a set of norms which language users
adhere to in order to uphold the effectiveness and efficiency of communication Hatim Mason, 1990, p. 242. The theories present detailed information and
understandable explanation related to the research problems. Moreover, pragmatics study aims at comprehending the characters’
utterances related to Grice’s cooperative principle, maxims of conversation, conversational implicature and it deals with meaning in context of utterance,
especially, the maxims of conversation. These theories are applied to analyze the
