Perlocutionary Act The Speech Acts Used in Speaking by the Characters in Iron Man Movie

53 researchers. Thus, researchers are capable of applying a good concept of communication. The writer would like to present the first suggestion to future researchers to conduct other researches regarding utterances based on maxims of conversation and speech acts as this study is simple and limited. It is expected that future researchers can create interesting data and make more specific analyses about speech acts especially the terms related to the cooperative principle. Therefore, it may be highly beneficial to conduct another pragmatics study especially speech acts related to cooperative principle specifically based on interesting data. Also, future researchers can use other theories to support their studies.

2. For Language Learners

The writer encourages students who learn English as a second language to pay attention to their language use based on the aspects of pragmatics. It will also help language learners to apply English language proficiency and comprehension appropriately in the context of the English conversation. This study will also help English learners to be able to apply English expressions in the form of conversations appropriately in order to avoid misinterpretation or misunderstanding. Sometimes, language learners tend to speak longer and make the conversation useless and inappropriate. Language learners can apply a better strategy by applying speech acts and using maxims of conversations in which the speakers attempt to avoid misunderstanding. 54 REFERENCES Abrams, M. H. 1981. A glossary of literary terms. New York: Holt Reinhart and Winston, Inc. Arikunto, S. 2002. Prosedur suatu penelitian: Pendekatan praktek 6 th ed.. Jakarta: Penerbit Rineka Cipta. Ary, D., Jacob, L. C,. Razavieh. A. 2002. Introduction to research in education 6 th ed.. Belmont: Wadsworth Thomson Learning. Austin, J. L. 1962. How to do things with words. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Creswell, J. W. 2003. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches 2 nd ed. London: Sage Publications. Creswell, J. W. 2007. Qualitative inquiry research design: Choosing among five approaches 2 nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications. Cruse, A. 2000. Meaning in language: An introduction to semantics and pragmatics. New York. Oxford University Press. Basil, H Ian, M 1990. Discourse and the translator: Language in social life. London: Longman. Grice, H.P. 1989. Studies in the ways of words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Leech, G. 1983. Principles of pragmatics. London: Longman. Leech, G. 1992. Principles of pragmatics. London: Longman. Levinson, S. C 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lincoln, Y. S., Guba, E. G. 1998. Naturalistic inquiry. London: Sage Publication Llamas, C., Stockwell, P. 2009. Sociolinguistics: An introduction to applied linguistics 2 nd ed.. London: Edward Arnlod. Mey, J. 2001. Pragmatics: An introduction. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.