Stanley and his friend said that argumentative writing has different aim and purpose from both expressive writing and expository writing. The
primary aim of writing is to persuade, neither to express the writer nor to explain the subject but to convince the reader of the writer’s point of view on
a particular issue.
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A persuasive argument should follow a persuasive strategy based on an anticipation of the audience response, as James said on his book. He also
added that the reason for persuading, and the type of appeals included. The examples of elements of persuasion namely:
1. Audience. The writer cannot ignore the audience’s opposing beliefs or
feelings about the subject matter. Therefore, he or she should acknowledge those beliefs or feeling. The writer should state them at the beginning of
the argument to demonstrate that the writer is reasonable and fair. 2.
Reason for persuading. Writer’s goal in persuading may simply be to ask someone to consider an idea, or it may be a call for action, a demand or
request that writer’s audience do something. the writer had better state that goal early in the argument, making the claim in a topic sentence, and
then developing the claim in the body of the paragraph or essay. 3.
Type of persuasive appeals. The best way to support the claim is with solid evidence: facts, figures, and examples. The writer may also choose to
support a claim by citing an expert or authority on the subject. Appeals to emotions such as sympathy, anger, or even humor can be effective, too.
But not to appeal only to emotions. The writer should respect the intelligence of audience, and tell the truth.
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2. Approaches to Teaching Writing in EFL Classes
It is very important for teacher to know what kind of teaching approach which is proper to his or her students. The use of approach which is suitable
7
Linda C. Stanley, David Shimkin, and Allen H. Lanner, Ways to Writing, New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1982, p. 313
8
James M. McCrimmon, Writing with a Purpose, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1976, p. 190
in learning process in the class will give significant development for student’ writing.
Raimes mentioned some approaches in teaching writing, those are The Controlled-to-Free Approach, The Freewriting Approach, The Paragraph-
Pattern Approach, The Grammar-Syntax- Organization Approach, The Communicative Approach, and The Process Approach.
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In brief, by knowing the fit approach in teaching writing, the teacher can give a good learning and proper feedback to the students.
3. Style Writer Computer Software
a.
Computer Assisted Language Learning CALL
CALL Computer Assisted Language Learning is a boost, program, method or technique which is used in language learning in order to assist the
process of teaching and learning by using computerized program. Some people said CALL is often considered a language teaching method, however,
this is not really the case. In traditional CALL, the methodology was often claimed to be based on a behavioristic approach as in programmable teaching.
” Where the computer checked the student input and gave feedback or mov
ed on to an appropriate activity exercise. In modern CALL’s emphasis is on communication and tasks.”
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Technology in computer is going increasingly sophisticated day after day. as well as the development of CALL, it develops from the simple until the
complex one. As what Sanja Seljan and his friends stated in their article, “While the first CALL Computer-Assisted Language Learning
programs were mostly used for manipulating texts and sentences, in the 90s the emergence of CD-ROMs storing complete encyclopedians of
language courses with text, graphics, animations, audio and video elements entered the classrooms.”
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9
Ann Raimes, Techniques in Teaching Writing, New York: Oxford University Press, 1983, p. 6
10
http:www.eurocall-languages.org
11
Sanja Seljan, Norbert aberger, and Zdravko Dovedan, “Computer-Assisted Language Learning
CALL ”, Department of Information Sciences, Faculty of Philosophy vol.3, 2004, pp. 1-5
