however, they do not have any variation yet 4
The words are generally relevant with the situation and have enough variation, but sometimes there are in appropriate words, which do
not change the meaning of the sentence 5
The words used are selected and have variations; they are relevant with the situation and condition so the meaning makes sense
Generic Structure
1 The generic structure of the content is very bad and it often does not
consist of orientation and solution 2
So many disorderliness are found in the content of the writing, but do not make the readers confused yet
3 the generic structure of the writing is not either too good nor too bad
4 The generic structure of the writing is not in good, but this is
actually not too principle 5
Every part of the writing is in good order, either in orientation, complication or resolution
Language Features
1 There are many irrelevant uses of argumentative language, many
errors in using verb, tense and linking words 2
There are some irrelevant uses of argumentative language, some errors in using verb, tense and linking words
3 There are a little bit irrelevant but do not change the whole meaning
generally, it is still accepted 4
Generally accurate; the use of argumentative language, verb, tense, and linking words
5 No errors on the use of argumentative language, verb, tense, and
linking words
2. Data analysis in pilot test
The pilot test aims to check validity and reliability of the instrument. It was conducted before doing pretest and post-test. If the respondents were able
to understand the given instruction it was concluded that instrument can be used as pretest and post-test.
3. Data analysis on pretest and post-test
Pretest and post-test were given to both experimental and control groups in the same procedures. A hypothesis was started with the alpha level at 0.05.
The data gathered through pretest and post-test computed one by one by Using SPSS 20.0 for windows. three steps were accomplished covering
normality test, homogeneity test, and independent t-test
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. The details of statistical procedures as follows:
a. Normal Distribution Test
Normal distribution test was calculated before the t-test. It aims to investigate whether or not the distribution of pretest and post-test both of two
groups were normally distributed. The statistical calculation of normality test
used Kolmogorov-Smirnov by following three steps below:
1 Setting the level of significance p at 0.05 and establishing the hypothesis
as follows: H
: the variances of experimental and control group are normally distributed.
H
1
: the variances of experimental and control group are not normally distributed.
2 Analyzing the normality distribution with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
Comparing the asymp.sig 0.05, the null hypothesis is not rejected and alternative hypothesis is rejected, and the distribution of data is normal.
Hence, if the asymp.sig 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected and alternative hypothesis is not rejected, and it means the data is not normally
distributed.
b. Homogeneity of Variance
The homogeneity of variance test used Levene test in SPSS program. The
steps are follows:
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Frederick L. Coolidge, Statistic A Gentle Introduction. London: Sage Publications Ltd., 2000 p. 71
