with relativizer that that have not been properly translated. In studying the case of properly translated relative clause with relativizer that and not-properly translated
relative clause with relativizer that, the researcher formulated two research problems as follows.
1. How The Relative Clauses with Relativizer That are Translated from
English into Bahasa Indonesia
In conducting the translation, the researcher found that the researcher seemed to employ three methods. The three methods used by the translator were
as follows: 1.
Employing formal equivalence. 2.
Employing adjustment. 3.
Employing structure shift. The researcher employed the first method when she would like to maintain
the originality of the source language in the target language. Her objective was to preserve the original meaning of the source text in the target text. Then, the
translator employed the second method when she had a problem in conveying the meaning of the source text into the target text. Therefore, she had to do some sort
of “free translation” in order that the meaning would be preserved in the target text. Next, the translator employed the third method when she found that the
active verb in the source text, in this case English, had a passive verb as the replacement in the target text, in this case Bahasa Indonesia. In some cases, the
relative clause with relativizer that has passive meaning in anak kalimat keterangan pewatas from Bahasa Indonesia. Therefore, the translator should
reverse the structure of anak kalimat keterangan pewatas in Bahasa Indonesia from the active form into the passive form in order that the original meaning of
the source text would be preserved.
2. The Problems in Translating the Relative Clauses with Relativizer That
from English into Bahasa Indonesia
In answering the second research problems, the researcher found that there were three errors that cause the translation of the relative clauses with relativizer
that to be non-equivalent from English into Bahasa Indonesia. Referring to the criteria that have been defined by Baker 1992, the errors were as follows:
1. Errors caused by differences in interpersonal perspective 7 items = 21, 21.
2. Errors caused by differences in expressive meaning 21 items = 63, 64.
3. Errors caused by differences in form 5 items = 15, 16.
The first type of errors occurred when the translator had a different perspective from the author. In one of the example for the first error, the
researcher found that the translator had translated the clauses appropriately in terms of meaning but not in terms of structure. Then, the second type of errors
occurred when the translator was incapable of finding the appropriate one-to-one match from the source text into the target text. In some cases, the researcher found
that the source text had a specific meaning but the translator replace the specific meaning of words into the neutral ones. The third type of errors occurred when the
translator replaces the form of the target text into the inappropriate form of the target text within the translation process. Within the analysis, the researcher found
there were some cases where the translator replaced the form of source text into the inappropriate form of target text. As a result of all these errors, the meaning
was not properly translated and, therefore, the readers might lose the context. In order to better the translation, the researcher provided several revisions namely
maintaining the parallelism for the first type of errors, rearranging the sentence for the second type of errors and adjusting the sentence for the third type of errors.
B. Suggestions
