[7] ST : There are probably other things in the world that the sheep can’t teach
me, thought the boy as he regarded the old merchant. WTr : Rupanya ada banyak hal di dunia ini yang tak dapat domba-domba itu
ajarkan padaku, pikir si bocah. TT : Rupanya ada banyak hal di dunia ini yang tak dapat diajarkan oleh
domba-domba itu padaku, pikir si bocah.
3. Employing structure shift
The translator had employed structure shift as an alternative to formal equivalence as well as to adjustment. Structurally, the employment of structure
shift is acceptable regarding the fact that there are some forms that might not be translated into the same active forms; instead, these forms should be translated
into passive ones in order to attain the equivalence. Hatim 2001 states that a ‘structure shift’ involves a change in grammatical structure between source text,
later will be named ST in the analysis, and target text, later will be named TT in the analysis; e.g. John loves Mary becomes ‘Is love at John on Marry’ in Gaelic.
Similarly, some of the relative clauses in the translation product translated into anak kalimat keterangan pewatas with passive forms for most of the times.
The researcher provided the first example of the case in the following figure.
Figure 7: The 1
st
example of structure shift employed in the translation
In Figure 4.10, the researcher chose to use ‘yang tak dapat diajarkan oleh domba- domba itu padaku’ instead of ‘yang tak dapat domba-domba itu ajarkan padaku.’
The researcher assumed that the passive form of anak kalimat keterangan pewatas was more acceptable in the mind of Indonesian people and Bahasa Indonesia
speakers.
[8] ST : But the sheep had taught him something even more important: that there
was a language in the world that everyone understood, a language the boy had used throughout the time that he was trying to improve things at
the shop. WTr : Tapi domba-domba itu mengajarinya sesuatu yang lebih penting: bahwa
ada bahasa di dunia setiap orang mengerti, bahasa yang digunakan si bocah sepanjang waktu saat dia mencoba mengembangkan hal-hal baru
di toko kristal itu. TT
: Tapi domba-domba itu mengajarinya sesuatu yang lebih penting: bahwa ada bahasa di dunia yang dimengerti setiap orang, bahasa yang
digunakan si bocah sepanjang waktu saat dia mencoba mengembangkan hal-hal baru di toko kristal itu.
The researcher also found that the translator was using the same method in the following figure.
Figure 8: The 2
nd
example of structure shift employed in the translation
In Figure 4.11, the researcher tended to choose the passive form rather than the active form. The researcher found that the structure once again became useful in
bridging the meaning equivalence between ST and TT. The translator chose to use ‘yang dimengerti setiap orang’ instead of ‘yang setiap orang mengerti.’ As a
result, the researcher believed that the readers would easily understand the sentence and thus would easily understand the whole context as well.
There was another example that might be used for providing a clear overall picture about the case of structure shift employment in the translation. The
researcher found another good example and the researcher provided the example in the following figure.
[9] ST : And his heart told him something else that the boy had never noticed: it
told the boys of dangers that had threatened him, but that he had never perceived.
WTr : Dan hatinya memberitahu dia hal lain yang si bocah tidak perhatikan: ia mengatakan kepada si bocah bahaya-bahaya yang mengancamnya, tapi
tak pernah dia sadari. TT
: Dan hatinya memberitahu dia hal lain yang tidak diperhatikan si bocah: ia mengatakan kepada si bocah bahaya-bahaya yang mengancamnya,
tapi tak pernah dia sadari.
Figure 9: The 3
rd
example of structure shift employed in the translation
Still, the translator changed the structure by means of structure shift. In the above example, the researcher changed the active form of ST into the passsive of anak
kalimat keterangan pewatas in TT. The translator chose to use ‘yang tidak diperhatikan si bocah’ instead of ‘yang tidak si bocah perhatikan.’ Looking at the
circumstance, the researcher would like to state that the translator’s effort in this case had been appropriate to what the researcher might call as Newmark’s law.
Newmark 1981 stated that ‘translator must not use a word or phrase that sounds intuitively unnatural or artificial to him.’ In Figure 4.12, the researcher chose
‘yang tidak diperhatikan si bocah’ instead of ‘yang tidak si bocah perhatikan’ as the translation of “that the boy had never noticed” due to the fact that, in the
researcher’s mind, bahasa Indonesia have not employed suffix –kan for verbs; instead, bahasa Indonesia have employed suffix –kan for the command words
only i.e. Dengarkan.The researcher also assumed that the readers would understand the context easily by means of anak kalimat keterangan pewatas in the
passive form just like the other two examples. Based on all of the explanations, the researcher seemed to find a reason
why the translator employed the structure shift during the translation process.
Looking at all of the examples, the translator opt to use anak kalimat keterangan pewatas with passive form indicated by the prefix di- whereas the translator
actually might choose the active form indicated by the suffix –kan as the translation of relative clause from ST into anak kalimat keterangan pewatas in
TT. Unfortunately, since Bahasa Indonesia does not recognize the suffix –kan, the active form therefore would not be acceptable. In addition, the structure shift has
already been acceptable in the art of translation since many languages do share meanings but do not share similar features. Moreover, for Indonesian people, the
passive form, especially the passive form of anak kalimat keterangan pewatas, is widely accepted. Furthermore, related to the case of employing structure shift, the
translator used the method in order to make the readers understood the overall context better since passive form is widely acceptable in Bahasa Indonesia. As a
result, the translator would like to choose anak kalimat keterangan pewatas with passive forms in order to provide a clear translation of relative clause.
B. The Problems in Translating the Relative Clauses with Relativizer That
