29 instrument, questionnaire. After that, four 4 students were selected to be
interviewed; there were two students selected from each class. They were selected based on the consideration of their highest and lowest score from answering the
questionnaire. It revealed their perceptions of the statements given in the questionnaire. The highest score represented positive responses and the lowest score
represented negative perceptions.
D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
This is one of the essential parts in this chapter. This part describes the questionnaire and interview as the instruments employed in doing the research. In
addition, it talks about the techniques of collecting the data.
1. Instruments
This research used two instruments such as questionnaire and interview. As Cohen, Manion Morrison 2003 say, questionnaire and interview are common to
be used in collecting the survey data.
a. Questionnaire
In this research, a questionnaire was used in order to find out the answer to the research questions.
It was to know the students’ perceptions and suggestions on the use of group presentation strategy to enhance their independent learning. The
researcher chose a questionnaire to obtain the personal information from the
30 respondents Hopkins, 1976. It was common to be employed in collecting survey
data because it was quick to complete and straightforward to code Cohen, et al., 2003, p. 396. Therefore, the use of questionnaire in this study was important to help
discover the answer to the research questions. The questionnaire items in this research were categorized in closed-ended and
open-ended items. The items were made by forming some statements that were taken from related theories of the topic in this research. For detailed information, readers
could see the blueprint in Appendix 1. There were 20 closed-ended items provided and each item had four degree of agreement options to be selected. The degree of
agreement options provided were strongly agree, agree, disagree and strongly disagree. The degree of agreement used in the questionnaire was based on Likert
scale with four degree of agreement which had one to four scales Brown Rodgers, 2002, p. 120. The scales were four 4 for strongly agree, three 3 for agree, two 2
for disagree and one 1 for strongly disagree. The scales were merely used to count the total score of closed-ended questionnaire from each respondent. There was no
undecided option in the questionnaire. So, the respondents could directly express their answers, whether they agreed or disagreed with each statement. The items of the
questionnaire were divided into two parts; they were about the process and the effects of group presentation to foster students’ independent learning. The sample of the
closed-ended questionnaire form was as follows Table 3.1. For further information, the complete form of the questionnaire was applied in Appendix 2.
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Table 3.1 The Sample of the Closed-ended Questionnaire Form Statements
Strongly Agree
Agree Disagree
Strongly Disagree
I am involved in a group work to do presentation.
I always participate in making a group presentation.
In addition, there was one open- ended item to collect students’ suggestions on
the use of group presentation strategy. It was aimed to make the respondents feel free to share their answer honestly. As stated by Cohen, et al. 2003, open-ended
question enables the respondents to respond freely in their own term p. 248. Besides, it can catch the authenticity, richness, honesty and depth of response from
the respondents Cohen, et al., 2003, p. 255.
b. Interview
The second important instrument in this research was interview. Interview was chosen because through communication people can share their opinion,
knowledge and understanding easily. It could complete the data which cannot be found out through questionnaire and asked some questions deeply. As Cohen, et al.
2003 say “interview may be used in conjunction with other methods in a research
undertaking” p. 268. In addition, interview in this research was aimed to clarify the responses to the questionnaire
’s statements.
