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2. Independent Learning
Kesten 1987 says, “Independent learning is that learning in which the
learner, in conjunction with relevant others, can make the decisions necessary to meet the learners own learning needs
” p. 5. Kesten’s statement describes a condition where learners are self-motivated by the environment around them to do their
learning task Kesten, 1987, p. 10. Independent learning must be regarded as a direction or goal to be pursued, not as an absolute standard Kesten, 1987. In this
research, independent learning is the ability of the ELESP Sanata Dharma University students become more independent of their learning process by interacting with their
friends and doing the project assigned by the lecturer. Also, independent learning is one of the goals to be achieved by the students in order to make them become more
responsible for their own learning needs.
3. Learning Strategy
Singh 2004 says an instructional strategy is a way that a teacher arranges which is designed to establish interaction between the teacher, the students, and the
subject matter, or any combination of these three dimensions. Learning strategy is intended for students and it is also related with the learning process and activity with
the teachers or lecturers in class. Moreover, Orlich’s et al. 2007 define leaning
strategy as a part of the decisions from teacher to help and encourage the students to take responsibility for learning p. 19. It can be seen that learning strategy is
10 lecturers’ or teachers’ way to help their students become more responsible in learning
process. In this research, learning strategy is the lecture r’s way for helping the ELESP
Sanata Dharma University students to achieve the goal of learning more independently so that students can be more responsible for their own learning process
through doing group presentation project.
4. Group Presentation
There are some definitions about group presentation. Pozzi and Persico 2010 say, “Group presentations allow students’ work to combine their different
perspectives on a topic, research it, and create a presentation that reflects the groups’ conclusions” p. 197. According to Jaques 1984, a group itself is an entity, but it
includes individual participation as members as well. It has been proven by Orlich et al
. 2007 that discussion involves “an exchange of ideas, with active learning and
participation by all concerned” p. 249
.
Also, Orlich et al. 2007 say , “A classroom
that uses student-initiated learning will be a maze of activity: small groups, working groups, and individuals working on project
s or activity simultaneously” p. 31. In this research, group presentation is the process of learning in group to discuss and
present the materials in order to help each student learn more independently. Each student in group has a responsibility to do anything like collecting information,
learning about the topic of presentation and sharing their understanding related to the materials discussed and presented.
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