10 lecturers’ or teachers’ way to help their students become more responsible in learning
process. In this research, learning strategy is the lecture r’s way for helping the ELESP
Sanata Dharma University students to achieve the goal of learning more independently so that students can be more responsible for their own learning process
through doing group presentation project.
4. Group Presentation
There are some definitions about group presentation. Pozzi and Persico 2010 say, “Group presentations allow students’ work to combine their different
perspectives on a topic, research it, and create a presentation that reflects the groups’ conclusions” p. 197. According to Jaques 1984, a group itself is an entity, but it
includes individual participation as members as well. It has been proven by Orlich et al
. 2007 that discussion involves “an exchange of ideas, with active learning and
participation by all concerned” p. 249
.
Also, Orlich et al. 2007 say , “A classroom
that uses student-initiated learning will be a maze of activity: small groups, working groups, and individuals working on project
s or activity simultaneously” p. 31. In this research, group presentation is the process of learning in group to discuss and
present the materials in order to help each student learn more independently. Each student in group has a responsibility to do anything like collecting information,
learning about the topic of presentation and sharing their understanding related to the materials discussed and presented.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
There are two important parts that are discussed in this chapter as the guideline theories of the research. The first part is theoretical description, which talks
about the theories directly related to the research. The second part is theoretical framework, which relates and summarizes the theories of the research.
A. Theoretical Description
This part discusses the theories about perception, independent learning, learning strategy, and group presentation.
1. Perception
There are many explanations that can be found about perception. Some of the description of perception will be explained briefly in this section.
a. Definition of Perception
Everyone has his or her own way of perceiving something and may have different perception on it. According to Goldstein 2009, perception is everything
that everyone sees, hears, tastes, feels, or smells and it is created by the mechanism of people’s senses. This means that what people perceive is determined not only by what
is “out there”, but also by the properties of their senses Goldstein, 2009, p. 5. It can
