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2.1.3.6 Theory of Control
Theory control refers to every perspective about controlling human‟s behavior. This theory is intended to analyze the answers of why people commit
crime. However, some theories change the concept of control theory into why people follow the law. Based on sociology perspective, crime is the most serious
action in which disorganization appeared. It is because the criminals break the law, discipline, and prosperity. There are some elements of crime, those are: 1
there should be human involvement. Based on positive criminal law in Indonesia, the occupied law object is only human being. 2 An action should proper to what
is formulated in criminal law. In other word, someone can be criminal if hisher crime is involved of elements of certain law. 3 there should be evidences to
consider someone as a criminal. 4 the action is against the law. Literally, it can be a crime if it against the law which is applied in the country. 4 The crime
punishment is provided in criminal law procedural code. For example, the law in Indonesia states that “anyone who commits a murder will be put to jail for fifteen
years in maximum” Chapter 338 of KUHP. Whereas, “anyone who plans and executes a murder must be jailed for 20 years in maximum, or forever” Chapter
339 of KUHP.
2.1.5 Criminology Mannheim, 1965
Beside those criminology theories by Sutherland 1967, there are also some theories which are revealed by Mannheim 1965. The criminology by Mannheim
emphasizes on three important approaches to analyze a crime. These approaches
21 are descriptive, causal, and normative approach. Each approach has standards how
a case can be determined as a crime. In order to make it clearer, the researcher provides the explanation of each approach:
2.1.5.1 Descriptive Approach
This approach is done by conducting observation and collecting data which are related to criminal behavior, crime type, the crime frequency, characteristics
of the criminal age and sex, and the development of criminal career. However, Mannheim emphasizes that there are some requirements of applying this
approach, those are; firstly, the evidences collecting cannot be done randomly, those must be taken selectively. The evidences must be based on accurate
investigations. After evidences collecting process, there must be interpretation, evaluation, and explanation toward the evidences.
2.1.5.2 Causal Relationship Approach
The concept of causal relationship approach is analyzing the causes of why someone commits crime. Causal relationship in criminology context is different
from law context. Causal relationship in law context, a crime case can be prosecuted if there is evidence of causal relationship between forbidden cause and
result. Whereas causal relationship in criminology context is investigated after it is proven in law.
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