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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, there are two major parts, namely the review of related theories and theoretical framework. The review of related literature part consists
of the theory of motivation and motive, theory of anxiety, human basic emotions and criminology approach. Here, the researcher gives some explanations about the
theories. Meanwhile in the theoretical framework part, it clarifies and explains the theories which will become basic foundation to make deep analysis and to answer
the research problems.
2.1 Review of Related Theories
This section presents the theories and approach which further will be used to analyze and to answer the problems. The theories are theory of motivation and
motive, theory of human basic emotions, theory of anxiety and criminology approach.
2.1.1 Theory of Motivation and Motive
Motivation is the process of need accomplishment. Motivation and motive cannot be separated because both are synchronized each other. Motive is as the
reason of doing something and motivation is meant as the mover system of motives. Usually, motive has negative perception; it is used in the criminality
field. Since it is considered that way, it means that motive is defined as a reason
8 behind a crime. In order to make it clear, the researcher provides explanation of
motivation theory based on Kalish 1971.
2.1.1.1 Motivation and Its Measurement
According to Beck 1978, motivation is “broadly concerned with the contemporary determinants of choice direction, persistence and vigor of goal-
directed behavior” p. 24. Kalish 1971 states that “motivated behavior is behavior set into motion by a need. The need indicates that some types of
satisfactions are lacking and it implies that the organism is activated to reduce the dissatisfaction” p. 22. When the need is insatiable, human can act aggressively.
This act is triggered by motivation of need satisfaction. It shows that need satisfaction can motivate someone‟s behavior to be either positive or negative.
Motivation itself is related to human behavior.
2.1.1.2 Unconscious Motivation
Unconscious motivation is a motivation of doing something without knowing the motive is. The person who has unconscious motivation will behave
without conscious of the underlying causes. In this case, shehe may be aware of his reason or motive of doing something in the future.
2.1.1.3 Repression: Motivated Forgetting
Forgeting is the inability to recall something. Freud 2002 also states that forgetting is inability to recall or to reappear something which has been learnt, or
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