11 context, self-esteem can be accomplished by giving appreciation such as position
in work place. e.
Self-Actualizing Need Self-actualizing need refers to the process of making maximum use of the
abilities, of developing talent, and of being sort person of person you really are. People should have self-actualizing so that they can optimize their talents.
According to Maslow 1987, self-actualizing is the highest need that can be full- filled when the other needs accomplished.
f. Deficiency Motivation and Growth Motivation
Deficiency motivation is motivated by hunger or by fear or physical punishment. Whereas growth motivation deals with motivation to grow.When
someone is motivated by the possibility of truly enjoying a meal or by the pleasure of warmth and security and love; the behavior is based on growth
motivation. Maslow 1987 makes the levels of hierarchies needs diagrammatically.
These needs are important elements that balance human‟s physiology and psychology needs. According Maslow, each need should be accomplished so that
human can reach their happiness. Those needs can be also seen in the diagram below:
12
Growth Motivation
Deprivation
Motivation
Figure 2. 1 Maslow’s 1987 hierarchy of needs
2.1.2 Theory of Human Basic Emotions
As human beings, each one of us has emotions. According to Shaver, Schwartz, Kirson and O‟Connor 2001, human has some basic emotions. In order
Self-actualization
Esteem Needs
Belongingness Needs
Safety Needs
Psychological Needs
13 to make it easier, they list the chategories of emotion into short tree structure as
shown below.
Table 2.1 Basic Human Emotions Shaver, Schwartz, Kirson and O’Connor, 2001
Primary Emotion Secondary Emotion
Tertiary Emotion
Love Afection
Adoration, love, fondness,
liking, attraction, caring,
tenderness, compassion,
sentimentality
Lust Arousal,
desire, lust,
passion, infatuation
longing Longing
Joy Cheerfulness
Ammusement, bliss, cheerfulness,
gaiety, glee,
jolliness, joviality, joy,
delight, enjoyment,
satisfaction, gladfulness
Zest Enthusiasm, zeal,
zest, excitement, thrill
contentment pleasure
Pride Pride, triumph
Optimism Eagerness, hope,
opstimism Entrhallment
Entrhallment, rapture
Relief Relief
Surprise Surprise
amazement, surprise,
astonishment Irritation
Aggravation, irritation,
agitation, annoyance,
ggrouchiness
Exasperation Exasperation and
frustration
14
Primary Emotion
Secondary Emotion
Tertiary Emotion
Anger Rage
Anger, rage,
outrage, fury,
wrath, hostility,
ferocity, bitterness,
hate, loathing,
scorn, spite,
vengefulness, resentment
Disgust Disgust, revulsion,
contempt Envy
Envy, jelousy Torment
Torment Suffering
Agony, hurt,
anguish
Sadness Depression,
despair, hopelessness,
gloom, glumness, sadness,
unhappiness, grief, sorrow
Sadness Disappoinment
Dismay and
displeasure Shame
Guilt, regret,
remorse Neglect
Alienation, isolation,
loneliness Simpathy
Pity, simpathy Fear
Horror Shock,
fright, terror
Nervousness Tenseness,
anxiety, worry
Table 2.1 is the human basic emotions in the form of table by Shaver,
Schwartz, Kirson and O‟Connor 2001. Based on the table, human being has love, joy, surprise, anger, sadness and fear emotions. According to Sukmadinata
