19 1960
. They explain that “lower class in urban environment has more variant opportunities”. So, the level in the society determines the ability to achieve
success through conventional opportunity or even crime.
2.1.4.4 Theory of Label
Becker 1973 differentiates this approach into two; the problems of how and why people get the label and the effect of labeling towards their further
action. They believe that the labeling process can lead someone to be a criminal. This theory has two important concepts that are primary deviance and secondary
deviance. Primary deviance is referred to behavior deviance, whereas secondary deviance is related to psychology reorganization from someone‟s experiences as
the result of criminal labeling. It is difficult for someone who gets criminal labeling to leave the status.
2.1.3.5 Theory of Conflict
Conflict theory emphasizes on crime and examines law formulation and law of criminal implementation. This theory has two types that are conservative
conflict and radical conflict. Conservative conflict underlines and power as big point. Based on the theory, conflict appears among groups which have power to
control lower class. Radical conflict places itself between politics and materialisms.
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2.1.3.6 Theory of Control
Theory control refers to every perspective about controlling human‟s behavior. This theory is intended to analyze the answers of why people commit
crime. However, some theories change the concept of control theory into why people follow the law. Based on sociology perspective, crime is the most serious
action in which disorganization appeared. It is because the criminals break the law, discipline, and prosperity. There are some elements of crime, those are: 1
there should be human involvement. Based on positive criminal law in Indonesia, the occupied law object is only human being. 2 An action should proper to what
is formulated in criminal law. In other word, someone can be criminal if hisher crime is involved of elements of certain law. 3 there should be evidences to
consider someone as a criminal. 4 the action is against the law. Literally, it can be a crime if it against the law which is applied in the country. 4 The crime
punishment is provided in criminal law procedural code. For example, the law in Indonesia states that “anyone who commits a murder will be put to jail for fifteen
years in maximum” Chapter 338 of KUHP. Whereas, “anyone who plans and executes a murder must be jailed for 20 years in maximum, or forever” Chapter
339 of KUHP.
2.1.5 Criminology Mannheim, 1965
Beside those criminology theories by Sutherland 1967, there are also some theories which are revealed by Mannheim 1965. The criminology by Mannheim
emphasizes on three important approaches to analyze a crime. These approaches
