Student Teachers Schoolteacher Definition of Terms
11 stimulus and responses, such as the way of thinking, feeling, and also gestures.
Each stimulus given by a teacher will invite the students to respond. The change of behaviour can be concrete or abstract p. 7. Watson 1963 as stated in Uno
2006 had a differ ent opinion from Thorndike’s. Watson said that a stimulus and
a responses should be in the form of observable actions p. 7. The other expert, Skinner 1968, argued responses given by the students are not just simple
because basically each stimulus interacts with other stimulus and the interaction will influence the response p. 9.
According to Gordon 2000, behaviour is the way in which an individual behaves or acts
. It is an individual’s action towards a person, a society, or an object p. 9. Since it is individual, the behaviours can be various. Ormrod 2011
summarizes five assumptions of behaviourist perspective. The first assumption is people’s behaviours are the result of their experiences with environmental stimuli.
This means that people behave because they experience something from their environments. The second assumption is that learning involves a behaviour
change. From this assumption, it can be understood that the learning process will create the
students’ behaviours. The third assumption is that learning involves forming associations among stimuli and responses. There is a close relation
between the stimuli and responses in the learning process. The fourth assumption is that learning is most likely to take place when the stimuli and responses occur
together in time. Thus, there is contiguity between them. The last assumption is that many species of animals, including human beings, learn in similar ways.
Thus, from this summary, it can be seen that student s’ behaviours are the results
12 of the experiences they receive in the classroom especially during the learning
process Ormrod, 2011.