of Julius Caesar and the plot also involves the question of possible tyranny and arrogation of power” http:www.uncleguidosfacts.com 201206
lessonsingovvernanceshakespeares.html. In criticism above the statement that „it
involves the possible tyranny and arrogation of power ‟ indicates negative aspect
of leadership. On the other hand, it implies an understanding that there are also possible moral values of leadership. In this writing, the writer does not discuss
politics or historical setting. However, with the help of moral-philosophical approach, the writer gives analysis of the main character
‟s attitudes and conflicts in revealing moral values of leadership that can be taken from the play.
B. Problem Formulation
In purpose to get a good order of this analysis and to be able to understand
this play better, therefore, two problems are formulated in following questions.
1. How are the characteristics of the main character described through main
character‟s attitudes and conflicts? 2.
What moral values of leadership are revealed in the main character‟s characteristics?
C. Objectives of the Study
The aim of this research is to reveal the moral values of leadership reflected in Shakespeare‟s Coriolanus. This research has two main objectives. The
first objective is to view the characteristics of the main character. The second is to consider the moral values of leadership which reflected in the main character
‟s characteristics as seen through main chara
cter‟s attitudes and conflicts.
D. Definition of Terms
There are two points of terms that are presented by the writer in this study before entering the further discussion of the play. The terms that are used are
moral values and leadership. The terms can be explained such following. 1.
Moral Values
In The Moral Nature of Man, Garnet 1952:14 gives explanation that the term
„moral‟ may be defined as referring to traditional of right and wrong. Moral is clue how to act in the society in the right way. Moral is to differ what is good
and what is not good. Gallaher 1985:1 states that moral value is a standard by reference to
which a particular action can be judged morally good or bad. Moral values are important things that can be learned from human‟s actions. It helps us to
differentiate what is good and what is not. 2.
Leadership
Gary Yulk in Leadership in Organizations Sixth Edition 2006: 10 states that leadership is the process of influencing others to understand and agree about
what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual
and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives.
6
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
A. Review of Related Studies
A fundamental element of understanding and doing a research of a work of literature is looking for the reviews or criticisms. Reviews can be used as the
references or the starting point to make further study. Noticing how important the reviews are, in this review of related studies, the writer presents some related
studies which hold the discussions of the author, the work of literature and the topic. In the discussion of the author, the writer gives some notes about
Shakespeare and his works. Next, the writer presents some criticisms which related to the same work, notably
Shakespeare‟s Coriolanus. In the discussion of the related topic, the writer presents a note which discuses the topic of leadership.
For the scholars, especially those who study English Letters, talking about a person named William Shakespeare has become a friendly discussion. When
considering the record of Shakespeare, the writer supports Samekto‟s 1976: 21
note that William Shakespeare is considered as the greatest playwright in English Literature, even he is considered as one of the prime men of the letters in the
world. How greatest Shakespeare in the history of English Letters can be seen also in Harrison
‟s note. In Introducing Shakespeare, Harrison notes that “no household in the English-speaking world is properly furnished unless it contains a copy of
the Holy Bible and one of the Works of William Shakespeare Harrison, 1959: 11.
” It can be said that William Shakespeare and his works had influenced
English society and the world; even those were parallelized with Holy Bible. This indicates that besides Holy Bible, a work of literature especially
Shakespeare‟s works can be used to gain messages or values which important and useful for life.
People judge that Shakespeare‟s works contain messages and values which can be
learned. Having recognized who William Shakespeare is, there is a work of
literature, notably a play which reveals his brilliant ideas. William Shakespeare‟s
Coriolanus is a play that told about politics in relevance with the history of English politics to early modern. Politics becomes important subject during
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in England. This description can be seen in The End of Absolutism: Shakespeares Coriolanus and the Consensual Nature of
the Early Modern State by Cefalu 2000 such follows. I have argued that the point of departure for an analysis of the historical
relevance of Coriolanus to early modern English politics is an understanding of the non-absolutist, consensual nature of early modern
statehood, particularly the integration within the state platform of both negative libertarianism and paternalist centralization. Rather than interpret
the play as an allegorical enactment of historically established party and class antagonisms, which did not in fact exist during the early seventeenth
century, the class positions in the play should be seen as two unreified manifestations of the duality of the early modern state. Coriolanus is a
thoroughly Jacobean play that reflects consensual politics rather than embattled, transitional ideologies
http:www.hull.ac.ukrenforumv4no2cefalu.htm.
The quotation above shows that the play, Coriolanus, is a portrait of English politics when English entered the early modern. Through his play,
Shakespeare implies a criticism about government and politics in the era of King James. Libertarianism, absolutism of power, and democracy are the subjects
