Theoretical Framework THEORETICAL REVIEW

B. Approach of the Study

In a purpose to reach a basic understanding of a literary work or to criticize it, the writer needs an appropriate approach that fits the purpose of the study, which is to reveal the moral values of leadership reflected in the main character ’s attitudes and conflicts in the play. Therefore, the Moral-philosophical Approach is taken as an approach in a purpose to analyze this play. The aim of moral-philosophical approach is to know how a work of literature deals with moral lesson teaching. Guerin et al 2011: 60 in A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature state that “the basic position of such critics is that the larger function of literature is to teach morality and to probe philosophical issues ”. They state that figurative language and other purely aesthetic considerations are considered as secondary teaching. The primary point is the moral or philosophical teaching. Guerin et al 2011: 61 state that the critic who employs the moral- philosophical approach insists on ascertaining and stating what is taught also. It seems reasonable, then, to employ moral philosophical analyses among other methods in getting at the meaning of literary work seems to call for them. The statement implies that moral philosophical believes with the moral teaching. The moral teaching is expected to gives some good effect for the readers. The strong reason, the writer chooses Moral-philosophical Approach in this study is because the approach helps to reveal the moral values, notably moral values of leadership as seen through main character’s attitudes and conflicts faced. Main character’s attitudes and conflicts faced in the play reflect some moral values of leadership that can be concluded. Therefore, Moral philosophical Approach is used to reveal the moral values of leadership.

C. Method of the Study

In this thesis, in order to collect the data sources, the writer uses the library and internet research. It means that the writer studies the documents related to the topic. The main source of this thesis is the play script of William Shakespeare’s Coriolanus which taken from book The Complete Plays and Poems of William Shakespeare edited by William Alan Neilson and Charles Jarvis Hill. The other sources are essays and criticisms which are from the books in the library and from websites. The books from library are used to support the theory on character and characterization, theory on conflict, theory on moral and theory on leadership, the books for theory on character and characterization such as Perrine’s Literature written by Thomas R. Arp and Greg Johnson and Understanding Plays Second Edition written by Barranger. Those books help the writer to make a deep analysis on main character’s characterization. The book for conflict such as C. Hugh Holman’s and William Harmon’s A Handbook to Literature, it is used to describe conflicts faced by main character such as conflicts against himself and others. The book for moral such as The Domain of Moral Education written by Cochrane and Kazepides, and the book for theory on leadership such as Gary Yulk’s Leadership in Organization are extracted to analyze moral values of leadership reflected in the play. Then the book which is used to support Moral- philosophical Approach is A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature Fifth Edition written by Wilfred L. Guerin et al. To conduct this study, there were some steps which had already done. The first step was reading the object of the study, the play Shakespeare’s Coriolanus with an intention to understand the play. Second, the writer determined the topic to be discussed in this study which was revealing moral values of leadership. Analytically Shakespeare with his Coriolanus indicated that there were moral values of leadership reflected through the main character. The third step was gathering some sources and references to answer the problem formulations. The writer analyzed the main character’s characteristics through what he said and did using the theory of character and characterization. Accompanying the analysis of the characteristics of main character, by using the gathered sources the writer analyzed also some conflicts faced by the main character. After analyzing the main character ’s attitudes and conflicts faced, the writer used the extracted theories of moral and leadership to reveal moral values of leadership in those two elements. After all, the last step was making a conclusion based on what the writer discussed in this thesis.