Students are involved in higher – order thinking

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3. Students are involved in higher – order thinking

According to Bonwell Eison, students should be involved in activities in which they were able to think more deeply 1991. They described the activities such as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Before active learning was implemented, the students did nothing but received anything given by the English teacher. Therefore Cross Carney stated that too much time is given to the teaching of form, grammar drills, and punctuation, and not enough to thoughtful observation, and communication of ideas 1946: 27. Silberman said, “When learning is passive, the learner comes to the encounter without curiosity, without questions, and without interest in the outcome,” 1996: 4. Before the implementation of active learning, the students did not want to ask questions to the teacher although they actually needed more information of something they did not understand. In the implementation of active learning, the students were learning to not only listen to teache r‟s explanation, but also give responses. Silberman 1996 added, “When learning is active, the learner is seeking something. He or she wants an answer to a question, needs information to solve a problem, or is searching for a way to do a job.” In active learning, the researcher gave opportunities to the students to give response in a form of answering or asking questions. While they had an English class employing active learning, the students often asked the researcher about the things they did not know such as the vocabularies and further explanation about the material they were learning, as can be seen in the third field notes cycle two, first meeting number eleven. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 87 Besides, the students also had the chance to share their ideas and their opinions about something. When the researcher asked a question to the students, of course the students should think about the answer. Moreover when the researcher asked the students to analyze and think about their friends‟ opinions. Then the students should be able to express their opinions. The must think harder. However, this stimulated the students to get accustomed to thinking deeply and seriously. The students could also express their agreement and disagreement and expressed the reasons.

4. Students are engaged in activities