17 GIS software is becoming increasingly suitable for use as a generator for a SDSS. As GIS
designers gain a greater awareness of decision-making possibilities, their systems will be designed to facilitate interaction with models. GIS software provides a sophisticated
interface for spatial information. Even limited functionality GIS software will provide the ability to zoom and to display or highlight different features. GIS provides database support
that is designed to allow for the effective storage of spatial data. Furthermore GIS software provides a link between the interface and database to allow the user to easily query spatial
data.
2.3 Industrial Pollutions
Scientists tend to define pollution differently to economist. For the economist, pollution is an external cost and occurs only when one or more individuals suffer a loss of
welfare Pearce, et. al. 1990. Even then, economist do not typically recommend the elimination of externality become they argue that the optimal externality is not zero
Pearce, et. al, 1990. The idea of “zero pollution” is not, however, absurd. At least two considerations make it more reasonable than it appears at first sight. These are a the fact
that the environment tends to have positive assimilative capacity, and b the fact that it is possible, to some extent, to divorce economic activity from waste flows. Affecting the
environment by introducing pollution abatement Pearce, et. al, 1990. Industry plays critical role in economic development and in enhancing the economic
welfare of society. Industry produces a wide range of consumer goods and, more importantly, a whole range of intermediate and capital goods for other sector and branches
of economy such as agriculture, services, mining, construction and utilities as well as those required for diverse manufacturing industries Park and Labys, 1998.
18 Despite the obvious benefits of industrial development, it frequently results in
damage to the environment and human health. According to Faisal et.al. 2000, industries cause environmental degradation throughout the life cycle of a product starting from
exploration of raw materials and energy resources to disposal of wastes and end products. A conceptual model of generation of pollution at various stages of production process is
shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5 . A conceptual model of generation of pollution Faisal et. al., 2000
Industry generates both traditional and newly emerging pollutants in three major forms, namely gaseous, liquid and solid wastes, including hazardous wastes. The following
sections are summaries derived from Faisal et. Al. 2000, Davis and Cornwell 1991, Park and Labys 1998, Hettige et. Al. 1994 and Spellman 1999, about the major known
industrial pollutants, which are monitored parts of the world.
19 In this research, we would like to discuss and more concern about water pollution
caused by industrial activities see Figure 6.
Figure 6 . Specific Impact in This Research
2.4 Water Pollutants
