Information System LITERATURE REVIEW

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II. LITERATURE REVIEW

To Develop the Spatial DSS and Information system needs several theories: 1 Information System, 2 Decision Support System, 3 System Development Life Cycle, 4 Geographical Information System, 5 Database, 6 Industrial Pollution, 7 Water Pollutant, and 8 The Government Regulation of Environmental Management. This section presents several theories applied in this research.

2.1 Information System

An information system is an organization of people, hardware, software, communication networks and a data resource that collects, transforms, and disseminates information in organization O’Brien, 2002. Figure 2 . Components of Information Systems O’Brien, 2002 7 Figure 2 show that there are five components of information systems, i.e. 1 people, 2 software, 3 hardware, 4 data and 5 network resources. According to O’Brien 2002, people resources include end-user people who are use an information systems or the information it produces and information system specialist people who develop and operate information systems. Hardware resources include all physical devices and materials used in information processing. Software resources include all sets of information processing instructions. Data is more than the raw material of information and includes wide variety of data type, how the data be organized database and knowledge bases. Network resources emphasize that communication network are a fundamental resource component of all information systems and include communication media and network support. The Study is focusing on the two segments of Information System components, i.e. software and data resources. The concepts of software includes not only the sets of operating instruction called programs, which direct and control computer hardware, but also the sets of information processing instructions needed by people, called procedures. Data are vital organizational resources that should be managed. Most organizations could not survive without quality data about their internal operations and external environment. Figure 3. DSS as a part of Information System O’Brien, 2002 8

2.2. Tools for Analysis