b. Sources of Feedback
1 Teacher feedback The teacher has an important rule in a classroom. The teacher can give the
students feedback in written form or spoken form. Leki et al. 1991 noted “ESL students greatly value teacher written feedback and consistently rate it more
highly than alternative forms, such as peer feedback and oral feedback in writing conferences” as cited in Hyland, K and Hyland, F, 2006, p.3. It means that the
students still need feedback from the teacher as their instructor. The students need more information from the teacher in the written form.
2 Peer feedback Peer feedback is given by the partner or other participants in classroom.
According to Hyland, K and Hyland, F 2006, “Peer review can be seen as a formative developmental process that gives writers the opportunities to discuss
their texts and discover others‟ interpreting of them” p. 3
c. Purposes of Feedback
According to Lewis 2002, there are five purposes of feedback p. 3-4. The purposes are:
1 Feedback provides information for teachers and students Lewis 2002 states that “feedback provides some teacher‟s comments for the
students such as the weaknesses, strengths, progress and direct information about language.” p. 3
2 Feedback provides students with advice about learning Lewis 2002 points out that by giving feedback, students can learn the
description of the use of language. While learning process teacher can make a comment for the students about their learning process p. 4.
3 Feedback provides students with language input Lewis 2002 says that the teacher can give the feedback in written or spoken
form. The feedback provides some meaningful and individual language input which can enrich the students‟ vocabulary. Besides that, the feedback can
improve students‟ understanding about grammar p. 4. 4 Feedback is a form of motivation
According to Lewis 2002, by receiving feedback, students become more enthusiastic to study and use language in learning process. Besides that, feedback
can motivate students to get the higher grades or marks than before p. 3. 5 Feedback can lead students towards autonomy
Lewis 2002 argues that feedback can help the students to find their own mistake. By giving feedback or some clues, the students can recognize their
mistake by themselves and try to revise it p. 4.
d. Types of Feedback
According to Lewis 2002, there are three types of teacher feedback p. 15- 19. The types are:
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