CHAPTER II
A. Literature review
This part discusses the nature of writing and teaching writing.
1. Writing a. The Nature of Writing
According to Tiedt 1989, writing is the way to express people‟s ideas in a written form p. 1. It is clear that writing is a process of delivering people thoughts
or expression in a written form. Raimes 1993 notes “Writing was subservient skill, whose function was to support the development of oral language” as cited in Nunan.
1999. p.271. It means that writing skill is a complementary skill for speaking skill. Zimmerman and Rodrigues 1992 reveal “Writing is a way of thinking, a way of
learning, a way of sharing ideas with others” p. 4. It is clear that someone can learn something, share the opinion each other by writing process. Zimmerman and
Rodrigues 1992 also points out “Good writing is writing that is appropriate to the specific writing situation for which it was produced” p. 8. It means that writing
should have a characteristic or criteria which make it suitable to be said a good writing.
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b. The Writing Process
The writing process is the stage that the writer goes through in order to produce something in his final written form. Still, he states that there are four-steps in
the writing process. They are planning, drafting, editing and final draft. Each step is described as follows:
Step 1: Planning
In this stage, students plan some ideas that they are going to write. Students start gathering information and ideas for writing by making notes or doing all their
planning in their minds. When planning, they have to consider three main issues, they are the purpose of the writing, the audience they are writing for and the content
structure to sequence the facts, ideas or arguments which they have decided to include.
Step 2: Drafting
. Drafting is the students‟ first effort to write ideas on paper. In this stage, they
write tentative ideas which are related to the topic that they are going to write without paying attention to the errors.
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