Then, Angelika Zirger 2005:53 wrote a study entitled in Redemptive Children in Frances Hodgson Burnetts Novels entitled Little Lord Fauntleroy and
The Secret Garden. The research fond the change in the depiction of children from ideal to real, from sentimental to authentic in the characterization in those novel. The
main character Mary in The secret garden has changed characters after she experiences several events. She never interested to involve into others people
problem before. But she changed, she led Colin heal their hurtful life.
2.2 Review of Theoretical Background
There will be some theories related to the topic of this final project. The theories written in this subchapter will be used in chapter four.
2.2.1 Literature
Literature derived from latin littera, meaning “letter”. Literature is one of the great
creative and universal means of communicating the emotional, spiritual, or intellectual concerns of mankind Encyclopedia Americana.
Bresler 1994: 9 defines that literature as a form of an art, that could be being written and oral. Literature is the result of the imaginative or creative writing process.
Literature‘s primary function is moral, that‘s value being their usefulness for hidden and undisclosed purposes.
Stanton 1955:1 stated there are some characters of literature. First, that literature is powerless. The use of language in a certain piece of work of literature
may create a powerful emotional impact in th e readers‘ mind. Second, literature is
also vivid. Third, the language of literature is clear. A work of literature makes use of words producing multiplication of images which sometimes lead people to action.
Meanwhile, according to Weren Wellek 1948:105 literary works can present the psychological of the writer, as type and as individual, or the study of
creative process, or the study of the psychological types and law present. In another words, with literary works the readers can learn the psychological items that the
authors want to delivered. Based on those explanations, literature is an art a result of creativity that
giving the impact to the readers‘ minds, communicating the emotional, spiritual, or intellectual concerns of mankind.
According to
http:www.brighthubeducation.comhomework-help- literature100292-the-five-main-genres-of-literature literature has five genres that
people should be familiar. They are poetry, drama, prose, nonfiction, and media. Each of which is explained in more detail below.
a. Poetry This is often considered the oldest form of literature. Before writing was
invented, oral stories were commonly put into some sort of poetic form to make them easier to remember and recite. Poetry today is usually written down, but is
still sometimes performed.
b. Prose Prose can be defined as any kind of written text that is not poetry The most
typical varieties of prose are novels and short stories, while other types include letters, diaries, journals, and non-fiction. Prose is written in complete sentences
and organized in paragraphs. Instead of focusing on sound, which is what poetry does, prose tends to focus on plot and characters.
c. Drama Any text meant to be performed rather than read can be considered drama .
Dramas are usually called plays. The most important part of drama is the dialogues.
d. Non-Fiction Poetry and drama both belong to the broader
category of fiction —texts that
feature events and characters that have been made up. Then there is non-fiction, a vast category that is a type of prose and includes many different sub-genres.
Non-fiction can be creative, such as the personal essay, or factual, such as the scientific paper. Sometimes the purpose of non-fiction is to tell a, but most of the
time the purpose is to pass on information and educate the reader about certain facts, ideas, and issues.
e. Media The newest type of literature that has been defined as a distinct genre is media.
This categorization was created to encompass the many new and important kinds of texts in our society today, such as movies and films, websites, commercials,
billboards, and radio programs.. Media literature can serve a wide variety of purposes among other things it can educate, entertain, advertise, or persuade.
2.2.2 Definition of Novel
