Process of Translation GRAMMATICAL EQUIVALENCE IN THE INDONESIAN TRANSLATION OF J.K ROWLING’S NOVEL: “HARRY POTTER AND THE DEATHLY HALLOWS”.

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2.2 Process of Translation

“Translation is not a straightforward mechanical process” www.wikipedia.com. “Translation is a process based on theory that it is possible to abstract the meaning of a text from its forms and reproduces that meaning with the very different forms of a second language’ http:www.sil.org.translationtheory.htm.. In the other words, it is a process which the translator decodes source language and encodes his understanding of the target language form. “Translation process cannot be effected through systematization or the correct application of translation techniques” Hewson 1991:38. Larson 1998: 8 argues that “the complete chain of translation events involves decoding the foreign words in order to grasp their context; then to find out the semantic correspondence between foreign content and native content; and finally to choose the right words in the native language. Translation, then, consists of studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using the lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context”. Based on Gile 1984: 86, “translation can be modeled as a recurrent two- phase process operating on successive Text segments: the first phase is comprehension, and the second is reformulation in the target language”. Machali 2000:38 proposes a process of translation as follows: Analyses 1 ------Translation-------Analyses 2--------Correction Translation- -----Analyses 3---------Correction of Translation 2. 12 After analyses and translation steps have been passed through well, the last step should be done is convenient. In translation process, Sakri 1984: 37 argues that “sometimes complete changes are needed in order to be able to express every thing in other languages”. In Gile’s opinion 1984: 94, “in translating a sentence in specialized discourse, interpreters and translators have to understand its functional and logical infrastructure the semantic network structure of the sentence, have available the appropriate “equivalents” or other terms of paraphrases, and express the same message in the target language”.

2.3 Types of Translation