Chintia also explains about the message contained in the existing code. Chintia also states,
Lost and Found also has many conflicts experienced by the main characters, such as divorce, tragedy and family problems. By taking some
examples of the literature, we can give some thoughts to ourselves of how we overcome every problem we have and solve it in daily life. Then
we can take the moral messages from the story to enrich our knowledge in solving the problem in daily life. Chintia, 2015: 2-3
The description stated by Chintia which is cited above helps the writer to develop this study. Character and characteristics, conflicts, and messages become
the important source of this study. The conflict which is described on a story can be a reflection in the daily life. From the conflicts itself, revealed the message
which can enrich our knowledge in solving the problem in our life.
B. Review of Related Theories
To help the writer build the discussion in this study, the writer has prepared several theories to analyze the characters, conflicts, and the messages of
the novel. There are three theories used by the writer. These theories are the theory of character and characterization, theory of conflicts, and theory of
messages.
1. Theory of Character and Characterization
Theory of character and characterization is one of the most-used theories in helping researchers to dissect the characteristics of the characters in a novel.
One of the famous character and characterization theories is contained in the book of M.H Abrams entitled A Glossary of Literary Terms. M.H Abrams stated that
Characters are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral,
intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the persons say and their distinctive ways of saying it and from what they
do1999:32.
M.J. Murphy has a detailed explanation of the theory of character and characterization in his book Understanding the Unseen 1972: 161-173. In his
book, Murphy describes nine ways to determine the characteristics of a character in a story.
1. Personal description. The author can describe the character by hisher
appearance. The character can be thin, fat, handsome or bad looking. The clothes can describe the character’s economical condition. The rich one will
use good or better clothes. 2.
Character as seen by another. The author can give imagination or perspectives by other character. A characteristic of a character can be seen by the point of
view of other characters in a story. 3.
Speech. The author can give information by what a character says in the story. The conversation between the analyzed character and other characters
gives the reader some descriptions about hisher characteristics. 4.
Past life. What has happened to the character in a story can give the readers much better information in understanding the characteristics of a character.
5. Conversation of others. The author gives an easy clue to understand a
characteristics by how other characters in a story talking about the character being analyzed.
