44 first word was an Indonesian word aku, the other was an English word hungry.
Since it only consisted of two words, it could not be identified whether the Indonesian word aku was inserted into English structure, or the English word
hungry was inserted into Bahasa Indonesia structure. Another interesting example is utterance number 11 in table 4.5, Mama lagi cooking-cooking.
This utterance consisted of three words, but it was included in two-word insertion
because the word cooking-cooking is not a standard word in English. The writer assumes that Rose might have wanted to say Mama lagi cooking because her
mother was cooking when she created this utterance. Therefore, it is clearly identified as two-word insertion.
b. Alternation
According to Muysken 2000, alternation happens when some words from one language are followed by some words from another language. However,
alternation does not only insert some words but also involves the grammar of both languages p. 7. Poplack 1980 believes that for this reason, it is possible for any
bilingual speaker to start a sentence in one language and finish it in another language as cited by Romaine 1995, p. 123.
The following table shows Roses noted alternational utterances during the research.
Table 4.6 Roses Alternational Utterances No
. Date
Code-mixed Utterances
1. March 3, 2013
Ayo, Ma. Its hot. 2.
April 25, 2013 I cut dulu ya.
3. April 27, 2013
I want makan ini. 4.
Aku mau like baby.
45 As can be seen in table 4.6 on the previous page, Rose began utterance
number 1 and 4 with Bahasa Indonesia, which were then ended in English. In utterance number 2 and 3, she started in English, but finished them in Bahasa
Indonesia. This fact shows that the type of all code-mixed utterances in table 4.6 is alternation.
However, let us see how these alternational utterances differ from insertion by analyzing utterance number 17 in table 4.4, Gak mau go inside. This
utterance was also started in Bahasa Indonesia and finished in English. However, it was included in the type of insertion with Bahasa Indonesia as the Matrix
Language ML instead of being included in alternation. Utterance number 17 was included in insertion because it did not involve the grammar of both languages as
an alternational utterance should. The English words go inside were only inserted into the structure of Bahasa Indonesia. The words go inside are a phrasal verb.
As insertional code-mixing can carry the insertion of a whole phrase Cantone, 2007, p. 69, utterance number 17 is included in insertion, instead of alternation.
On the other hand, all the utterances in table 4.6 involves the grammar of both languages, hence alternation.
c. Congruent Lexicalization
