26 1996, p. 2-3 states that qualitative research is sort of research in which each
component of the research design may need to be reconsidered or modified in response to new developments or to changes in some other components.
Combined with the data analysis of Maxwell 1996 the method of this research is developed as follows.
1. Data Gathering
The data gathering made use of the two instruments which are stated below.
a. Interviewing
The interviews were conducted to both the course participants and the tutors. There were six course participants and two tutors being interviewed based
on 12 selected questions. The interviews consisted of open-ended questions where the interviewees were given freedom to utter their notion based on the given
questions. All the interviews were done in one day with the average length of each interview is 15.37 minutes. The interviews were recorded with a recorder tool
with high recording quality proved by the sound quality of the recording. b.
Questionnaire Differs from the interviews which were done to both the course
participants and the tutors, the questionnaires were exclusively distributed to the course participants only. The questionnaires were randomly distributed to eight
students as the course participants with the help of the chairperson of Yayasan Santo Fransiskus due to semester break. The main purpose of distributing the
questionnaires is to set them as complementary data for the interviews. The
27 questionnaires consisted of 12 open-
ended questions focused on students’ expectation and motivation in joining the course, and also their inputs to develop a
better English course in the future.
2. Data Analyzing
The data analyzing process was done through seven steps as follows. a.
Listening The first step in data analyzing process is listening to the recorded
interviews. Thereafter, the recorded interviews were transferred into a computer in order to make it easier to manage the listening process. Using an earphone, the
listening process took several days, considering the duration of each recording and the iterative process of listening. The listening process was done in two steps,
namely listening the audio and typing the main idea of each utterance. Whenever the main ideas were not clearly caught, the listening process would be iterated
until the clearest ideas were able to be grabbed. b.
Transcribing The transcribing process was the most difficult process in the data
gathering for it was related to the ability in summarizing the main idea of each utterance spoken by the interviewees. The transcribing process was done by
typing the main idea of the interviews straightly into the computer. The transcribing process was sometimes interrupted to give time for the typing process
and elaborating the idea of the recorded interviews.
28 c.
Transcription Reading After the transcribing process was done, the following process was reading
the transcription as the continuation of transcribing process. The main purpose of transcription reading is to recheck the typed information and re-elaborate the
information in order to make the information understandable. d.
Coding According to Maxwell 1996 coding is the most common categorizing
strategy in qualitative researches. Differs from coding conducted in quantitative researches, coding in qualitative researches aims to fracture the data and re-
arrange them into certain categories that facilitate the comparison of the data and that aid the development of theoretical concepts. Maxwell also says that coding
process in a qualitative research is based on the analyzed data, which is in a dynamic interaction with and is tailored to the understanding of the data. In
fracturing the data, the writer sorted the interview transcriptions into the main idea based on the given questions. The data were then grouped into tables based on the
given questions of the interviews. e.
Memoing Memoing is helpful in completing the obtained data with additional
information considered as important. According to Maxwell 1996, the memoing process aims not only to give additional information, but moreover it is meant to
keep the data reading in the context. By giving the context to the data analysis, memoing can also raise the stimulation for analytical thinking useful for the
reflection over the whole research.
29 f.
Categorizing Related to coding is categorizing in which those two process is apparently
substitutes each other. While the coding process in a qualitative research has no rigid categories to be obey, the categorizing process of this research was also
based on the obtained data itself. Thereafter, the similar data would be grouped to get the general conveyed idea of certain problems.
g. Connecting
This step refers to the act of connecting the categorized data and the theme. According to Maxwell 1996, connecting the categorized data and the theme is
important in constructing a theory as a primary goal of data analysis. In this research, the categorized data which were gained through interviews, would be
connected to the main theme of the research, namely the expectation of the English course participants on the English course held by the school.
3. Data Presentation: Reporting
