timeLength, duration, timeInterval, TimeUnitType
14.3 Temporal topology schema
14.3.1 Introduction
Temporal topology is described in terms of time complexes, nodes, and edges, and the connectivity between these. Temporal topology does not directly provide information about temporal position. It is used in the case of describing a lineage or a history e.g. a family tree expressing evolution of species, an ecological cycle, a lineage of lands or buildings, or a history of separation and merger of administrative boundaries. The following subclause specifies the temporal topology as temporal characteristics of features in compliance with ISO 19108. 14.3.2 Temporal topology objects 14.3.2.1 Overview A temporal topology object shall be a temporal element that describes the order of features or feature properties as temporal characteristics of features. The two temporal topology objects are primitive and complex. As time is a one dimensional topological space, temporal topology primitives shall be a time node corresponding to an instant, and a time edge corresponding to a period. A time node is an abstraction of an event that happened at a certain instant as a start or an end of one or more states. A state is a condition — a characteristic of a feature or data set that persists for a period. A ―static feature‖ in this International Standard means a feature that holds a consistent identifier during its life span. Time edge is an abstraction of a state, and associates with time nodes representing its start and end. However, temporal topology primit ives do not directly indicate ―when‖ or ―how long.‖ A time node need not be a start or an end of a time edge in the case of describing the event not associating with states. Such a node is called an isolated node. A topology complex is a collection of topological primitives that is closed under the boundary operation. A temporal topology complex shall be a connected acyclic directed graph composed of time edges and time nodes. A minimum temporal topology complex is a time edge with two time nodes at its both ends. EXAMPLE A lifecycle of a building can be described as a sequence of stages: plan, designing, construction, utilization, disposal and demolition. Each stage can be represented as a time edge. The boundary of each stage describing as a time node represents an event of decision-making, which terminates the stage and also originates the next stage. Thus, a lifecycle of a building is described as a temporal topology complex composed of a sequence of time edges connected with time nodes.14.3.2.2 AbstractTimeTopologyPrimitive
Temporal topology primitives shall imply the ordering information between features or feature properties. The temporal connection of features can be examined if they have temporal topology primitives as values of their properties. Usually, an instantaneous feature associates with a time node, and a static feature associates with a time edge. A feature with both modes associates with the temporal topology primitive: a supertype of time nodes and time edges. gml:TimeTopologyPrimitive implements ISO 19108 TM_TopologicalPrimitive see D.2.5.6 and ISO 19108:2002, 5.2.4.2 and acts as the head of a substitution group for temporal topology primitives. It is defined in the schema as follows: element name=AbstractTimeTopologyPrimitive type=gml:AbstractTimeTopologyPrimitiveType abstract=true substitutionGroup=gml:AbstractTimePrimitive gml:AbstractTimeTopologyPrimitive may be used in any position that a gml:AbstractTimePrimitive is valid. Its content model is defined as follows: Copyright © 2007 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 159 complexType name=AbstractTimeTopologyPrimitiveType abstract=true complexContent extension base=gml:AbstractTimePrimitiveType sequence element name=complex type=gml:ReferenceType minOccurs=0 sequence extension complexContent complexType A topological primitive is always connected to one or more other topological primitives, and is, therefore, always a member of a topology complex. In a GML instance, this will often be indicated by the primitives being described by elements that are descendents of an element describing a complex. However, in order to support the case where a temporal topology primitive is described in another context, the optional gml:complex property is provided, which carries a reference to the parent temporal topology complex.14.3.2.3 TimeTopologyPrimitivePropertyType
gml:TimeTopologyPrimitivePropertyType provides for associating a gml:AbstractTimeTopologyPrimitive with an object: complexType name=TimeTopologyPrimitivePropertyType sequence minOccurs=0 element ref=gml:AbstractTimeTopologyPrimitive sequence attributeGroup ref=gml:AssociationAttributeGroup attributeGroup ref=gml:OwnershipAttributeGroup complexType14.3.2.4 TimeTopologyComplex
A temporal topology complex shall be the connected acyclic directed graph composed of temporal topology primitives, i.e. time nodes and time edges. Because a time edge may not exist without two time nodes on its boundaries, static features have time edges from a temporal topology complex as the values of their temporal properties, regardless of explicit declarations. A temporal topology complex expresses a linear or a non-linear graph. A temporal linear graph, composed of a sequence of time edges, provides a lineage described only by ―substitution‖ of feature instances or feature element values. A time node as the start or the end of the graph connects with at least one time edge. A time node other than the start and the end shall connect to at least two time edges: one of starting from the node, and another ending at the node. gml:TimeTopologyComplex implements ISO 19108 TM_TopologicalComplex see D.2.5.6 and ISO 19108:2002, 5.2.4.5 and is declared as follows: element name=TimeTopologyComplex type=gml:TimeTopologyComplexType substitutionGroup=gml:AbstractTimeComplex gml:TimeTopologyComplex may be used in any position that a gml:AbstractTimeComplex is valid. Its content model is defined as follows: complexType name=TimeTopologyComplexType abstract=true complexContent extension base=gml:AbstractTimeComplexType sequence element name=primitive type=gml:TimeTopologyPrimitivePropertyType maxOccurs=unbounded sequenceParts
» Conformance requirements Change Requests | OGC
» Conformance classes related to GML application schemas Conformance classes related to GML profiles
» application schema Terms and definitions
» composite solid Terms and definitions
» curve data type Terms and definitions
» face feature Terms and definitions
» GML application schema Terms and definitions
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» AbstractGML, AbstractGMLType Base objects .1
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» Ownership of property values
» abstractReference, ReferenceType GML properties .1
» abstractInlineProperty, InlinePropertyType GML properties .1
» Properties representing the same relationship
» description Standard properties of GML objects .1
» descriptionReference Standard properties of GML objects .1
» name, identifier Standard properties of GML objects .1
» id Standard properties of GML objects .1
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» CodeType, CodeWithAuthorityType Simple types .1
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» General concepts Change Requests | OGC
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» boundedBy, BoundingShapeType, EnvelopeWithTimePeriod, EnvelopeWithTimePeriodType
» locationName, locationReference FeaturePropertyType, FeatureArrayPropertyType
» Geometry properties Change Requests | OGC
» Topology properties Temporal properties
» GML feature collections Feature collections
» AbstractFeatureMemberType and derived property types
» Relationship with ISO 19107 General concepts
» SRSReferenceGroup Abstract geometry .1 AbstractGeometryType
» SRSInformationGroup Abstract geometry .1 AbstractGeometryType
» AbstractGeometry Abstract geometry .1 AbstractGeometryType
» GeometryPropertyType GeometryArrayPropertyType Abstract geometry .1 AbstractGeometryType
» geometricPositionGroup Coordinate geometry, vectors and envelopes .1 DirectPositionType, pos
» geometricPositionListGroup Coordinate geometry, vectors and envelopes .1 DirectPositionType, pos
» VectorType, Vector Coordinate geometry, vectors and envelopes .1 DirectPositionType, pos
» EnvelopeType, Envelope Coordinate geometry, vectors and envelopes .1 DirectPositionType, pos
» AbstractGeometricPrimitiveType, AbstractGeometricPrimitive Abstract geometric primitives
» GeometricPrimitivePropertyType Abstract geometric primitives
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» CurveType, Curve Geometric primitives 1-dimensional
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» ArcStringType, ArcString ArcType, Arc
» CircleType, Circle ArcStringByBulgeType, ArcStringByBulge
» ArcByBulgeType, ArcByBulge ArcByCenterPointType, ArcByCenterPoint
» CubicSplineType, CubicSpline Curve segments .1 AbstractCurveSegmentType, AbstractCurveSegment
» BSplineType, BSpline Curve segments .1 AbstractCurveSegmentType, AbstractCurveSegment
» KnotType, KnotPropertyType Curve segments .1 AbstractCurveSegmentType, AbstractCurveSegment
» KnotTypesType Curve segments .1 AbstractCurveSegmentType, AbstractCurveSegment
» BezierType, Bezier Curve segments .1 AbstractCurveSegmentType, AbstractCurveSegment
» ClothoidType, Clothoid Curve segments .1 AbstractCurveSegmentType, AbstractCurveSegment
» GeodesicType, Geodesic Curve segments .1 AbstractCurveSegmentType, AbstractCurveSegment
» SurfaceArrayPropertyType, surfaceArrayProperty Geometric primitives 2-dimensional
» AbstractRingType, AbstractRing AbstractRingPropertyType Geometric primitives 2-dimensional
» LinearRingType, LinearRing Geometric primitives 2-dimensional
» LinearRingPropertyType SurfaceType, Surface Geometric primitives 2-dimensional
» Ring, RingType, curveMember OrientableSurfaceType, OrientableSurface, baseSurface
» TriangulatedSurface TinType, Tin OrientableSurfaceType, OrientableSurface, baseSurface
» LineStringSegmentArrayPropertyType OrientableSurfaceType, OrientableSurface, baseSurface
» TriangleType, Triangle RectangleType, Rectangle
» ConeType, Cone Surface patches .1 AbstractSurfacePatchType, gml : AbstractSurfacePatch
» CylinderType, gmlCylinder Surface patches .1 AbstractSurfacePatchType, gml : AbstractSurfacePatch
» SphereType, Sphere Surface patches .1 AbstractSurfacePatchType, gml : AbstractSurfacePatch
» AbstractSolidType, AbstractSolid Geometric primitives 3-dimensional
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» SolidArrayPropertyType, solidArrayProperty Geometric primitives 3-dimensional
» SolidType, Solid Geometric primitives 3-dimensional
» ShellType, Shell ShellPropertyType Geometric primitives 3-dimensional
» GeometricComplexPropertyType Geometric complex .1 GeometricComplexType, GeometricComplex
» Relationship with ISO 19111 Important XML elements
» domainOfValidity Abstract coordinate reference system .1 AbstractCRS
» scope CRSPropertyType Abstract coordinate reference system .1 AbstractCRS
» Overview Coordinate reference systems
» Conversion Abstract coordinate reference systems .1 AbstractSingleCRS
» EllipsoidalCS cartesianCS Concrete coordinate reference systems .1 CompoundCRS
» sphericalCS Concrete coordinate reference systems .1 CompoundCRS
» geodeticDatum Concrete coordinate reference systems .1 CompoundCRS
» GeodeticCRSPropertyType VerticalCRS Concrete coordinate reference systems .1 CompoundCRS
» VerticalCRSPropertyType ProjectedCRS Concrete coordinate reference systems .1 CompoundCRS
» baseCRS derivedCRSType Concrete coordinate reference systems .1 CompoundCRS
» EngineeringCRS cylindricalCS Concrete coordinate reference systems .1 CompoundCRS
» EngineeringCRSPropertyType ImageCRS Concrete coordinate reference systems .1 CompoundCRS
» ImageCRSPropertyType TemporalCRS timeCS Concrete coordinate reference systems .1 CompoundCRS
» temporalDatum Concrete coordinate reference systems .1 CompoundCRS
» TemporalCRSPropertyType Concrete coordinate reference systems .1 CompoundCRS
» axisAbbrev Coordinate system axes .1 CoordinateSystemAxis
» axisDirection Coordinate system axes .1 CoordinateSystemAxis
» minimumValue, maximumValue, rangeMeaning Coordinate system axes .1 CoordinateSystemAxis
» uom Coordinate system axes .1 CoordinateSystemAxis
» CoordinateSystemAxisPropertyType Coordinate system axes .1 CoordinateSystemAxis
» axis Abstract coordinate system .1 AbstractCoordinateSystem
» EllipsoidalCSPropertyType CartesianCS Concrete coordinate systems .1 EllipsoidalCS
» CartesianCSPropertyType Concrete coordinate systems .1 EllipsoidalCS
» VerticalCS Concrete coordinate systems .1 EllipsoidalCS
» VerticalCSPropertyType TimeCS TimeCSPropertyType Concrete coordinate systems .1 EllipsoidalCS
» UserDefinedCS Concrete coordinate systems .1 EllipsoidalCS
» UserDefinedCSPropertyType Concrete coordinate systems .1 EllipsoidalCS
» SphericalCS Concrete coordinate systems .1 EllipsoidalCS
» SphericalCSPropertyType PolarCS Concrete coordinate systems .1 EllipsoidalCS
» CylindricalCSPropertyType AffineCS Concrete coordinate systems .1 EllipsoidalCS
» AffineCSPropertyType Concrete coordinate systems .1 EllipsoidalCS
» primeMeridian ellipsoid Geodetic datum .1 GeodeticDatum
» GeodeticDatumPropertyType Geodetic datum .1 GeodeticDatum
» Ellipsoid, semiMajorAxis, secondDefiningParameter Geodetic datum .1 GeodeticDatum
» EllipsoidPropertyType Geodetic datum .1 GeodeticDatum
» PrimeMeridian, greenwichLongitude Geodetic datum .1 GeodeticDatum
» EngineeringDatumPropertyType ImageDatum Other concrete datums .1 EngineeringDatum
» VerticalDatum VerticalDatumPropertyType Other concrete datums .1 EngineeringDatum
» TemporalDatum, origin Other concrete datums .1 EngineeringDatum
» TemporalDatumPropertyType Other concrete datums .1 EngineeringDatum
» operationVersion coordinateOperationAccuracy sourceCRS targetCRS CoordinateOperationPropertyType
» AbstractSingleOperation Abstract coordinate operations .1 AbstractCoordinateOperation
» CoordOperation Concrete coordinate operations .1 ConcatenatedOperation
» Conversion method parameterValue Concrete coordinate operations .1 ConcatenatedOperation
» ConversionPropertyType Transformation Concrete coordinate operations .1 ConcatenatedOperation
» ParameterValue value Parameter values and groups .1 AbstractGeneralParameterValue
» stringValue integerValue Parameter values and groups .1 AbstractGeneralParameterValue
» booleanValue Parameter values and groups .1 AbstractGeneralParameterValue
» valueList Parameter values and groups .1 AbstractGeneralParameterValue
» integerValueList Parameter values and groups .1 AbstractGeneralParameterValue
» valueFile Parameter values and groups .1 AbstractGeneralParameterValue
» operationParameter Parameter values and groups .1 AbstractGeneralParameterValue
» ParameterValueGroup Parameter values and groups .1 AbstractGeneralParameterValue
» formula, formulaCitation Operation method .1 OperationMethod
» sourceDimensions Operation method .1 OperationMethod
» targetDimensions parameter Operation method .1 OperationMethod
» OperationMethodPropertyType Operation method .1 OperationMethod
» minimumOccurs Operation parameters and groups .1 GeneralOperationParameter
» maximumOccurs Operation parameters and groups .1 GeneralOperationParameter
» OperationParameterPropertyType Operation parameters and groups .1 GeneralOperationParameter
» Abstract topological primitives .1 AbstractTopoPrimitive, AbstractTopoPrimtive
» DirectedNodePropertyType, directedNode Topological primitives 0-dimensional .1 NodeType, Node
» DirectedEdgePropertyType, directedEdge Topological primitives 1-dimensional .1 EdgeType, Edge
» DirectedFacePropertyType, directedFace Topological primitives 2-dimensional .1 FaceType, Face
» TopoComplexType, TopoComplex Maximal, sub- and super-complexes
» TopoComplexPropertyType, topoComplexProperty Topology complex
» Relationship with ISO 19108 General concepts
» AbstractTimePrimitive Abstract temporal objects .1 AbstractTimeObject
» TimePrimitivePropertyType, validTime Abstract temporal objects .1 AbstractTimeObject
» RelatedTimeType AbstractTimeComplex Abstract temporal objects .1 AbstractTimeObject
» AbstractTimeGeometricPrimitive TimeInstant Temporal geometry .1 Introduction
» TimeInstantPropertyType TimePeriod Temporal geometry .1 Introduction
» TimePeriodPropertyType Temporal geometry .1 Introduction
» TimePositionType, timePosition Temporal geometry .1 Introduction
» timeLength, duration, timeInterval, TimeUnitType
» Introduction Temporal topology schema
» AbstractTimeTopologyPrimitive Temporal topology objects .1 Overview
» TimeTopologyPrimitivePropertyType TimeTopologyComplex Temporal topology objects .1 Overview
» TimeEdge Temporal topology objects .1 Overview
» TimeEdgePropertyType Temporal topology objects .1 Overview
» Overview Temporal reference systems
» Basic temporal reference system, TimeReferenceSystem TimeCoordinateSystem
» TimeCalendar, TimeCalendarEra Calendars and clocks .1 Overview
» TimeCalendarPropertyType, TimeCalendarEraPropertyType TimeClock Calendars and clocks .1 Overview
» TimeClockPropertyType Calendars and clocks .1 Overview
» TimeOrdinalReferenceSystem, TimeOrdinalEra Ordinal temporal reference systems .1 Overview
» TimeOrdinalEraPropertyType Ordinal temporal reference systems .1 Overview
» Overview dataSource Representing dynamic features
» Dynamic properties DynamicFeature DynamicFeatureCollection
» AbstractTimeSlice Representing dynamic features
» history Representing dynamic features
» Overview Abstract topology Overview
» Definition, DefinitionType, remarks Dictionary schema
» Dictionary, DictionaryType Dictionary schema
» dictionaryEntry, DictionaryEntryType Using definitions and dictionaries
» Introduction Change Requests | OGC
» Using unit definitions Units schema
» unitOfMeasure, UnitOfMeasureType Units schema
» UnitDefinition, UnitDefinitionType Units schema
» quantityType, quantityTypeReference Units schema
» BaseUnit, BaseUnitType, unitsSystem Units schema
» DerivedUnit, DerivedUnitType Units schema
» derivationUnitTerms, DerivationUnitTermType Units schema
» ConventionalUnit, ConventionalUnitType Units schema
» Example of units dictionary informative
» Scalar measure types Measures schema
» Introduction Value objects schema
» Value element hierarchy Value objects schema
» Boolean, BooleanList Value objects schema
» Category, CategoryList Value objects schema
» Count, CountList Value objects schema
» Quantity, QuantityList Value objects schema
» AbstractValue, AbstractScalarValue, AbstractScalarValueList Value
» valueProperty, valueComponent, valueComponents Value objects schema
» CompositeValue Value objects schema
» ValueArray Value objects schema
» Typed ValueExtents: CategoryExtent, CountExtent, QuantityExtent
» Direction schema direction, DirectionPropertyType
» DirectionVectorType DirectionDescriptionType Change Requests | OGC
» Overview Observation Observation schema
» using target Observation schema
» resultOf DirectedObservation Observation schema
» General remarks The coverage model and representations
» Formal description of a coverage
» Coverage in GML The coverage model and representations
» Relationship with ISO 19123 The coverage model and representations
» AbstractCoverageType, AbstractCoverage Coverage schema
» DiscreteCoverageType, AbstractDiscreteCoverage Coverage schema
» AbstractContinuousCoverageType, AbstractContinuousCoverage Coverage schema
» domainSet, DomainSetType Coverage schema
» rangeSet, RangeSetType DataBlock Coverage schema
» tupleList doubleOrNilReasonTupleList Coverage schema
» File, FileType Coverage schema
» coverageFunction, CoverageFunctionType Coverage schema
» CoverageMappingRule GridFunction, GridFunctionType Coverage schema
» sequenceRule, SequenceRuleType, SequenceRuleEnumeration Coverage schema
» MultiCurveCoverage MultiSurfaceCoverage Coverage schema
» MultiSolidCoverage GridCoverage Coverage schema
» Observations Profiles of GML and application schemas
» Definition of profile Change Requests | OGC
» Relation to application schema
» Rules for elements and types in a profile
» Rules for referencing GML profiles from application schemas
» Recommendations for application schemas using GML profiles
» Summary of rules for GML profiles
» GML documents Instances of GML objects
» Introduction GML application schemas
» Target namespace GML application schemas
» Import GML schema GML application schemas
» Object type derivation GML application schemas
» Elements representing objects GML application schemas
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» Introduction Import GML schema components
» Elements representing features Schemas defining Features and Feature Collections
» Application features are features
» User-defined geometry property types
» User-defined topology property types
» User-defined temporal property types
» Introduction Schemas defining coordinate reference systems
» Import GML coordinate reference system schema components
» Introduction Schemas defining coverages
» Import GML coverage schema components
» User-defined coverage types Schemas defining coverages
» Range parameters shall be substitutable for AbstractValue
» Coverage document Schemas defining coverages
» Introduction Import GML observation schema components
» User-defined observation types Schemas defining observations
» Observation collections Schemas defining observations
» Observations are features Schemas defining observations
» Observation collection document Schemas defining observations
» Introduction Import GML dictionary schema components
» User-defined definition types Schemas defining dictionaries and definitions
» User-defined dictionary types Schemas defining dictionaries and definitions
» Introduction Schemas defining values
» Import GML value objects schema components
» Construction of new value types
» GML profiles of the GML schema
» Overview Change Requests | OGC
» remoteSchema member Base schema components
» ArrayAssociationType Base schema components
» members Base schema components
» featureProperty, featureMember, featureMembers Base schema components
» StringOrRefType Base schema components
» Array, ArrayType, Bag, BagType
» Basic types, Null Change Requests | OGC
» location, LocationPropertyType, LocationKeyWord, LocationString
» coordinates Coordinate geometry, geometric primitives
» pos in EnvelopeType Coordinate geometry, geometric primitives
» pointRep Coordinate geometry, geometric primitives
» polygonPatches Coordinate geometry, geometric primitives
» trianglePatches Coordinate geometry, geometric primitives
» baseGeographicCRS GeographicCRS Coordinate reference systems
» GeocentricCRS uom Coordinate reference systems
» ObliqueCartesianCS Coordinate reference systems
» TemporalCS Coordinate reference systems
» greenwichLongitude Coordinate reference systems
» AbstractOperation Coordinate reference systems
» dmsAngleValue Coordinate reference systems
» Renamed property elements Coordinate reference systems
» SuccessionType MovingObjectStatus Temporal information and dynamic features
» track Temporal information and dynamic features
» DefinitionCollection Definitions and dictionaries
» definitionMember Definitions and dictionaries
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