Perluasan Predikat kalimat bahasa Yunani

3. Perluasan Predikat kalimat bahasa Yunani

The predicate consists of a verb and its direct object(s), its indirect object(s), and their modifiers. Sentences which use a copulative verb may have complements (nouns, adjectives, adverbs, phrases or clauses). Transitive verbs with a direct object may also have an object complement. The words which complete or modify the verb may also have modifiers consisting of nouns (in all cases), adjectives, and adverbs (Brooks and Winbery, 1988: 172). Perhatikan beberapa cara perluasan predikat berikut ini:

a. Dengan Menggunakan Nouns dan Pronouns Substantives di dalam semua cases digunakan di dalam predikat. Lihat nominative case (predicate nominative di atas), genitive case (seperti genitive of oaths dan sebagainya), ablative case (lihat contoh-contoh ablative di atas), dative case (lihat dative di atas), instrumental, locative dan accusative cases (lihat contoh-contoh cases di atas).

b. Dengan Menggunakan Adjectives dan Adverbs

Lihat juga penjelasan adjective di atas. Perhatikan contoh-contoh berikut: o[sa e;ceij pw,lhson kai. do.j Îtoi/jÐ ptwcoi/j (Mark 10:21)

Whatever you have sell (it) and give (it) to the poor. eivj ta. i;dia h=lqen (John 1:11)

He came unto his own (home)

c. Dengan Menggunakan Phrases Lihat contoh penggunaan participle dan infinitive di atas (bab 3) seperti adverbial participle dan verbal infinitive.

d. Dengan Menggunakan Clauses Terdiri atas:

1. Relative Clauses kra,tei o] e;ceij (Rev 3:11)

Holds fast that which you have

2. Clauses Introduced by Adverbial Particles a;llo e;pesen evpi. to. petrw/dej o[pou ouvk ei=cen gh/n pollh,n (Mark 4:5)

Other (seed) fell upon rocky ground where it had not much earth.

3. Comparative Clause Particles yang digunakan oleh comparative clauses adalah w,j, w,sei,, w;sper, kaqw,j dan kaqaper. Perhatikan contohnya: ovyo,meqa auvto.n kaqw,j evstinÅ (1 John 3:2)

We shall see him as he is.

4. Clauses Introduced by Subordinating Conjunctions

a. Clauses introduced by o;ti martu,romai de. pa,lin panti. avnqrw,pw| peritemnome,nw| o[ti ovfeile,thj evsti.n o[lon

to.n no,mon poih/saiÅ (Gal 5:3)

I bear witness again to every man who is being circumcised that he is obligated to do the whole law .

b. Clauses introduced by i;na evpipoqw/ ga.r ivdei/n u`ma/j( i[na ti metadw/ ca,risma u`mi/n pneumatiko.n eivj to.

sthricqh/nai u`ma/j (Rom 1:11)

I long to see you, in order that I may share some spiritual gift with you in order that you may be strengtened.

c. Clauses introduced by o;pwj deh,qhte ou=n tou/ kuri,ou tou/ qerismou/ o[pwj evkba,lh| evrga,taj eivj to.n qerismo.n

auvtou/Å (Matt 9:38)

Pray the Lord of the harvest that he send workers unto his harvest.

5. Conditional Clauses Conditional clauses function as part of the predicate in that they give a condition under which the action of the verb can take place or a reason or cause for the action of the verb taking place or not taking place. Ada empat jenis conditional clauses di dalam bahasa Yunani Perjanjian Baru yaitu:

a. First Class Condition The speaker assumes that the condition stated in the protasis (the if clause) is a reality. Protasis: ei, + indicative mood (any tense) Apodosis: any tense and mood Perhatikan contohnya: eiv kekoi,mhtai swqh,setaiÅ (John 11:12)

If he has fallen asleep , he will be cured.

b. Second Class Condition The speaker assumes that the condition in the protasis is untrue. The apodosis states what would have been true in the event that the protasis had been true. Protasis: ei, + past tense in the indicative mood Apodosis: a;n + past tense in the indicative mood Perhatikan contohnya: eiv evpisteu,ete Mwu?sei/( evpisteu,ete a'n evmoi, (John 5:46)

If you had believed Moses , you would believe me

c. Third Class Condition The speaker considers that the condition stated in protasis has the possibility (or even probability) of becoming a reality. The statement in the apodosis becomes a reality only when the conditions stated in the protasis are met. Protasis: eva,n atau a;n + the subjunctive mood Apodosis: biasanya present, future, dan aorist indicatives. Perhatikan contohnya: eva.n e;lqh| pro.j u`ma/j( de,xasqe auvto,n (Col 4:10)

If he comes to you , receive him Catatan: apodosis ini menyatakan apa yang speaker inginkan sungguh yaitu menjadi kenyataan atau realita.

d. Fourth Class Condition Di dalam Perjanjian Baru tidak muncul protasis dan apodosis sekaligus. Class ini menunjukkan t he “if” clause is assumed to be remotely possible. Protasis: ei, + optative mood Apodosis: a;n + optative mood

Perhatikan contohnya: tosau/ta eiv tu,coi ge,nh fwnw/n eivsin evn ko,smw (I Cor 14:10)

If it should happen to be (this way), there are so many kinds of sounds in the world.

6. By the Use of Indirect Discourse Indirect discourse takes the form in Greek of three basic forms of direct discourse: assertions, questions, and commands. Perhatikan beberapa indirect discourse:

a. Employing a o;ti Clause evgw. pepi,steuka o[ti su. ei= o` Cristo.j (John 11:27)

I believe that you are the Christ.

b. Employing a i;na or o;pws Clause parh,ggeilen auvtoi/j i[na mhde.n ai;rwsin eivj o`do.n … (Mark 6:8)

He commanded them to take nothing for the journey …

c. Employing a Clause Introduced by ti, h=lqon ivdei/n ti, evstin to. gegono.j (Mark 5:14)

They came to see what had happened.

d. Employing an Infinitive tw/| Pau,lw| e;legon dia. tou/ pneu,matoj mh. evpibai,nein eivj ~Ieroso,lumaÅ (Acts 21:4)

They were telling Paul through the Spirit not to go to Jerusalem.

e. Employing a Participle avkou,omen tinaj peripatou/ntaj evn u`mi/n avta,ktwj (II Thess 3:11)