Perluasan subjek kalimat bahasa Yunani
2. Perluasan subjek kalimat bahasa Yunani
The subject of a sentence is usually defined as a noun or noun substitute which denotes that about which the sentence makes an assertion. It answer the question Who? or What? before the verb. The complete subject (or expanded subject) is the subject and its modifiers (Brooks and Winbery, 1988: 163). Perhatikan ada beberapa cara perluasan subjek kalimat berikut ini:
a. Dengan Menggunakan Adjectives dan Adverbs Banyak contoh telah diberikan (lihat bagian Adjective di atas): h` evntolh. h` palaia, evstin o` lo,goj (I John 2:7)
The old commandment is the word Adverb: h`. a;nw VIerousalh.m evleuqe,ra evsti,n (Gal 4:26)
The Jerusalem which is above is free
b. Dengan menggunakan Nouns dan Pronouns Noun dan pronoun dapat digunakan untuk memperluas subjek yaitu di dalam semua cases seperti berikut ini:
1. Dalam nominative case VIou,daj VIskariw.q o` ei-j tw/n dw,deka avph/lqen (Mark 14:10)
Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve, went forth.
2. Dalam genitive case ~O lo,goj o` tou/ staurou/ toi/j me.n avpollume,noij mwri,a evsti,n (I Cor 1:18)
The word of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing.
3. Dalam ablative case tine.j tw/n Farisai,wn ei=pan … (Luke 6:2)
Some of the Pharisees said …
4. Dalam dative case
evxekomi,zeto teqnhkw.j monogenh.j ui`o.j th/| mhtri. auvtou/ (Luke 7:12)
A dead man, an only son of his mother, was being carried out.
5. Dalam locative case oi` evn th/| VIoudai,a| feuge,twsan … (Matt 24:16)
The ones in Judea must flee…
6. Dalam instrumental case Kornh,lioj fobou,menoj to.n qeo.n su.n panti. tw/| oi;kw … (Acts 10:1-2)
Cornelius who with all his house feared God …
7. Dalam accusative case tinej tw/n kaqV u`ma/j poihtw/n eivrh,kasin … (Acts 17:28)
Certain of your own poets have said …
c. Dengan Menggunakan Frasa Frasa adalah sekelompok kata yang tidak memiliki subjek dan predikat tetapi berfungsi sebagai part of speech di dalam sebuah kalimat. Di dalam bahasa Yunani ada dua yang digolongkan frasa untuk memperluas subjek yaitu:
1. Participial phrase yaitu adjectival atau substantival. Perhatikan contohnya: o` kle,ptwn mhke,ti klepte,tw (Eph 4:28)
The one who steals must steal no more.
2. Infinitival phrase. Perhatikan contohnya: evplh,sqh o` cro,noj tou/ tekei/n auvth.n (Luke 1:57)
The time for her to give birth arrived.
d. Dengan Menggunakan Clauses
A clause is a group of words which conveys a thought by means of a predicate and a subject and which functions as a part of a sentence. The main sentence is often referred to as an independent clause. Clauses that are used within the sentence are subordinated clauses. Dalam bagian ini perhatikan subordinated clauses yang digunakan untuk memperluas subjek kalimat yaitu:
1. Relative Clauses Clause ini paling sering digunakan dan diikuti oleh relative pronoun o;j. Perhatikan contohnya: o]j ouvk e;stin kaqV h`mw/n( u`pe.r h`mw/n evstinÅ (Mark 9:40)
Whoever is not against us is for us. The relative pronoun o;j berfungsi sebagai subjek dari relative clause, dan relative clause berfungsi sebagai subjek kalimat.
2. Clauses Introduced by Adverbial Particles Perhatikan contohnya: evggu.j h=n o` to,poj th/j po,lewj o[pou evstaurw,qh o` VIhsou/j (John 19:20)
The place in the city where Jesus was crucified was near.
3. Clauses Introduced by Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating conjuntions yang digunakan dalam Perjanjian Baru sebagai bagian dari subjek adalah o;ti dan i;na. Perhatikan contohnya: evn tw/| no,mw| de. tw/| u`mete,rw| ge,graptai o[ti du,o avnqrw,pwn h` marturi,a avlhqh,j evstinÅ
(John 8:17) It it written in your own law that the testimony of two men is true (literary: That the testimony of two men is true is written in your own law.)
Latihan : Tentukan jenis perluasan subjek kalimat bahasa Yunani di bawah ini:
1. ~O de. di,kaioj evk pi,stewj zh,setaiÅ(Rom 1:17)
2. to. martu,rion tou/ Cristou/ evbebaiw,qh evn u`mi/n (I Cor 1:6)
3. evxh/lqen do,gma para. Kai,saroj Auvgou,stou avpogra,fesqai pa/san th.n oivkoume,nhnÅ (Luke 2:1)
4. evsaleu,qh o` to,poj evn w-| h=san sunhgme,noi (Acts 4:31)