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Action research is research about something that happened in the society or target community, and the result will be received by that society. The main
characteristic in action research is participation and collaboration between the researcher and the member of that target community. In this case, the target
community was class IV in SD N Adisucipto II. This research was done collaboratively in the implementation. The researcher cooperated with one of
theEnglish teacher of the IV grade in SD N Adisucipto II.
B. Setting of the Research
The setting of the research was at SDN Adisucipto II. It is located at Jalan Janti, Caturtunggal, Depok, Yogyakarta 55281. The school has six classes. There is
only one class for each grade. The average number of students of each class is 24 students. They are from some different social backgrounds. Some are from
Caturtunggal itself, and some others are from different places. Based on the researcher’s observation on April 7
th
2014, she found that the students of SDN Adisucipto II had some problems related to the speaking ability. Related to English
learning and teaching activities, SDN Adisucipto II has two English teachers. The English subject is taught 1 time a week. Each meeting lasts for about 70 minutes.
The facilities supporting the English teaching and learning activities in the listening laboratory are a whiteboard, board markers, 12 student desk, 24 student
chairs, a teacher desk, a teacher chair anda speaker.The research was done in March-
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May. This research was conducted in three months, starting from making proposal to making report.The schedule could be seen in the table below.
Table 3: Research Schedule
No Month
March April
May
1 2
3 4
1 2
3 4
1 2
3 4
1 Preparation:
interview, observation.
2 Making
Proposal 3
Making instrument
4 Cycle 1
5 Cycle 2
6 Making report
C. The Subject of Research
The subjects of this research were the IV grade students in SDN Adisucipto IIin the academic year of 20132014. The class consists of 23 students, 14 males and
9 females. This research was done in this class because of this class have the problem in speaking skills.
D. Data Collecting Techniqueand Instruments of the Research
The technique for collecting data aims to support the success of the research. It helped the researcher to get data and the information about the process of
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improving the students’speaking skills by using English songs and puppets. Related to the research, the researcher used some techniques for collecting the data, namely:
1. Observation
The researcher and the collaborator used observations because they wanted to know the fourth year students’ activities in speaking skills in the speaking class.
On the observation the researcher used observation sheet and interview guideline as the instrument for collecting data. The researcher observed the students’ activity
during the class and the teachers’ way of teaching during the class. The researcher then interviewed the students and the teacher to get more information about the
English teaching and learning process in the class IV. The researcher used recorder for recording the interview and video recorder for recording the teaching and learning
process during the class and cell phone for taking the class situations’ picture.
2. A Test
Test was used to know the students’ ability about speaking. The tests used in this research consist of pre-test and post-test. The pre-test was given to the students
aiming to know their ability in the speaking skills before conducting the first cycle. The post test was be given to the students at the end of the second cycle. The test was
in the form of description. The students were asked to describe the puppet that the researcher brought. The researcher used puppet as a pre-test instrument and score
table for writing the students’ speaking score. Those instruments were intended to get the data related to students’ speaking skills.
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3. Documentation
Payne and Payne2004 stated thatthe documentary method is used in investigating and categorizing physical sources, most commonly written documents,
whether in the private or public domain. Documents provide information which is relevant with the problems’ investigation. There are many documents included in the
research, they are: a course grid, a lesson plan and students’ score. The documents that were used in this research were: names of the students, students’ speaking score,
and photographs and videos of the activities in the research.
4. Interview
Interview was used to get data about students’ response after the teaching learning process. The researcher asked some questions, which were prepared to the
respondents. The researcher interviewed the English teacher to get information related to the research. The researcher used the general interview guide to make the
interview process runsmoothly. Furthermore, the detail instruments of the research were presented on the following table.
Table 4: Instruments of the Research
NO. TECHNIQUE
INSTRUMENT RESULT
1. Observation
Observation’s guideline Fieldnote
2. Test
Test of Speaking Skill Score
3. Interview
Guideline of interview Transcript
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E. Data analysis technique
The qualitative data were analyzed from field notes and interviews during the research. Meanwhile, the students’
speaking tests
were scored by using
speakingrubric.The data were analyzed in five stages proposed by Burns 1999. The first stage was assembling the data. In this stage the data were collected to be reread
in order to state important points to show up the broad pattern and to classify them. The second stage was coding the data in which the data can be specified. The next
stage was comparing the data that had been specified to see the repetition of the data pattern and the connection among the different data sources. The next stage was
building interpretation. This stage developed explanation why particular patterns of interaction and attitude had come up in this project. The last stage was reporting in
which the data were presented to others.
F. Procedure of the research
