Type of Research RESEARCH METHOD

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter covers the following sections: type of research, setting of the research, subject of the research, time of the research, instruments of the research, data collecting technique, data analysis technique, procedure of the research, and validity and reliability of the research data.

A. Type of Research

This research was an action research study. The structural research was adapted from the model proposed by Kemmis and McTaggart in Burns 1999.According to Winter and Munn-Giddings2001: 8 action research is a study of a social situation carried out by those involved in that situation in order to improve both their practice and the quality of their understanding, captures the essence of the philosophy underlying the action research approach. According to Burns 1999: 30, action research is the application of fact finding to practical problem solving in a social situation with a view to improve the quality of action within it, involving collaboration and cooperation of researchers, practionersand laymen. Some of those definitions suggest a number of common features which can beconsidered to characterize action research: 1. Action research is contextual, small-scale, and localized. It identifies and investigates problems within a specific situation. 31 2. It is evaluate and reflective as it aims to bring about change and improvement in practice. 3. It is participatory as it provides for collaboration investigation by teams of colleagues, practitioners, and researchers. 4. Changes in practice are based on the data which provides the impetus for change. Action research occurs through a dynamic and complementary process, which consist of four essential steps: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The researcher and the other research team members collaboratively found difficulties and weaknesses of the speaking learning process, identified some problems, and planned and implemented the proposed actions. After that, the researcher and other research team members made evaluation, reflection and discussion related to the implemented actions. Picture 1: The cycle of action research 32 Action research is research about something that happened in the society or target community, and the result will be received by that society. The main characteristic in action research is participation and collaboration between the researcher and the member of that target community. In this case, the target community was class IV in SD N Adisucipto II. This research was done collaboratively in the implementation. The researcher cooperated with one of theEnglish teacher of the IV grade in SD N Adisucipto II.

B. Setting of the Research