18
explains the process of something. “He stopped smoking” presupposes that he used to smoke.
4. Structural Presupposition
The structural presupposition is commonly recognized by the use of wh- questions. The use of the wh-questions can lead the presupposition of the listeners
to believe that the information is essentially true, which can be presupposed that it is not only a question. The sentence “Where did she go?” presupposes that she
went somewhere.
5. Non-factive Presupposition
Non-factive presupposition is the type of presupposition which shows that something is assumed not to be true. The key words which can be used to
indicate this type of presupposition are dream, imagine, pretend, etc. For example, the sentence “I dreamed that I was good at singing” presupposes that “I was not
good at singing”.
6. Counter Factual Presupposition
Counter factual presupposition is the presupposition which is not only it is not true, but the opposite or the contrary fact. The example of this type of
presupposition is the use of if-clause. “If I were you, I would take that gift” presupposes that “I am not you”.
b. Implicature
Yule 1996: 35 describes implicature as something which is assumed by the speaker that an utterance may mean more than what is said. There are two
19
kinds of implicatures. They are generalized conversational implicatures and particularized conversational implicatures.
1. Generalized Conversational Implicatures
When something is understood without any particular background knowledge of the context it is called generalized conversational implicature. It can
be shown in the example by Yule as follows: Doobie: Did you invite Bella and Cathy?
Mary: I invited Bella 1996, 40.
From this sentence, we can assumed that Mary did invite Bella, but not Cathy. We can clearly understand the implicature even without understand the
background knowledge of the utterance.
2. Particularized Conversational Implicatures
This type of implicature is the opposite of the general conversational implicature. In this type, we need to understand the context and also have the
background knowledge of the utterance. The example is as follows Yule, 1996: 43.
Bert: Do you like ice-cream? Ernie: Is the Pope Catholic?
Ernie’s answer to Bert’s question is not exactly say “yes” or “no”. In order to understand Ernie’s answer, Bert has to have a certain background
knowledge to get the meaning of the answer. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Kategori