CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 Data Analysis 4.1.1 The Kinds of Errors in Using Passive Tenses
In this section, I analyze the errors which are made by Eleventh Year Students of MAN I Panyabungan.
4.1.2 The errors of Using Simple Present Tenses
Original sentence Reconstruction
1. Rice is growned in paddy
field. Rice is grown in paddy field.
We can see that the students used the wrong form of the verb, it is ‘growned’ which must be ‘grown’. So the error of this sentence is called as
misinformation error. From this, I think that the students might make error because the have not understood yet the formula of passive form of verb
tenses. Original sentence
Reconstruction 2.
Rice is grow in paddy field.
Rice is grown in paddy field.
In this sentence, the students used the wrong form of the verb, it is ‘grow’ which must be ‘grown’. I personally believe that every produced
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those errors because they don’t understand well about passive form of verb tenses replacing subordinate clause. Kind of error is called misinformation.
Original sentence Reconstruction
3. Rice is being grown
paddy field. Rice is grown in paddy field.
In this sentence, the students used the wrong form of the tenses, it is ‘being’. The kind of error is addition because they presented the item
that must not appear in that sentence. I assume that error might occur because of the lack of knowledge about passive form of verb tense.
Original sentence Reconstruction
4. Goats be used baits to
trap tigers. Goats are used baits to trap tigers.
From the original sentence, we can see that the students presented the item which must not appear in this sentence. It is “be”. Thus this error
is called as addition error. It can be seen that the students do not understand how to used “to be” with plural subject.
Original sentence Reconstruction
5. Goats are uses baits to
trap tigers. Goats are used baits to trap tigers.
In this sentence, the students used the wrong form of verb. That is “uses” it must be “used”. I conjecture that the students produced this error
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in answering the question because they forgot about verbs and passive verb. The kind of error is misinformation error. Because I think they might
produced this error because of lack of understanding of passive form of verb tense.
Original sentence Reconstruction
6. Goats is using baits to
trap tigers. Goats are used baits to trap tigers.
In original sentence, there are two kinds of errors which can be found, they are: misordering and misinformation. It is found as
information errors because they used the wrong form of the ‘using’, it must be ‘used’. Then they produced misordering error, they placed the
item ‘goats’ in the first position. Actually this word is plural because of using ‘s’. I personally think that they make those errors because they lack
of understanding about subject verb agreement. Original sentence
Reconstruction 7.
Gats are using baits to trap tigers.
Goats are used baits to trap tigers.
In this sentence, the students used the wrong form of the verb, ‘using’ it must be ‘used’. The kind of error is called as misinformation.
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Original sentence Reconstruction
8. It is hot in this room
because the window be closing.
It is hot in this room because the window is closed.
There are two kinds of errors which are found in this sentence. They are: misinformation error and addition. Misinformation error
happened because they used the wrong verb form, that is ‘closing’ which must be ‘closed’. Then addition error is also found because they presented
the item that must not appear in that sentence, it is ‘be’. I assume that this error might occur because of lack of knowledge about passive form of
verb tenses. Original sentence
Reconstruction 9.
It is hot in this room because the window are
closed. It is hot in this room because the
window is closed.
In this sentence, the students used the wrong form of to be, it is ‘are’, it must be ‘is’. This kind of error is called as misinformation because
the student lack of understanding about passive voice especially in using to be.
Original sentence Reconstruction
10. It is hot in this room
because the window was to closing.
It is hot in this room because the window is closed.
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There are two kinds of errors in this sentence, they are addition and misinformation. The students produced addition error, because the
students presented the item ‘to’ which must not appear in that sentence because the sentence is in simple present tense. They also made
information errors because they used the wrong form of the ‘closing’, it must be ‘closed’. I personally think that they make those errors because
they lack of understanding about passive form of verb tense. Original sentence
Reconstruction 11.
The light in this room are turned on.
The light in this room is turned on.
In this sentence, the students used the wrong form of to be, it is ‘are’, it must be ‘is’ because the sentence is in simple present tense. The
kind of error is called as misinformation. It might occur because the students don’t understand well about passive voice.
Original sentence Reconstruction
12. The light in this room is
being turned on. The light in this room is turned on.
Addition error is found in this sentence. That is the students presented the item ‘being’ which must not appear in that sentence because
the sentence is in simple present tense. This error might occur because the students do not understand how to construct passive sentence.
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Original sentence Reconstruction
13. The light in this room
have turning on. The light in this room is turned on.
We can see that there are two kinds of errors that can be found in this sentence. They are: addition and misinformation. It is addition error
because the used of ‘have’ while it must not appear in well-formed utterance. Then they also produced misinformation error, that is they used
the wrong form of the verb ‘turning’, it must be ‘turned’. This error might occur because the students still feel confused in construct passive sentence.
Original sentence Reconstruction
14. The light in this room
was turned on. The light in this room is turned on.
Misinformation error is found in this sentence. That is, they used the wrong form of to be form, it is ‘was’, it must be ‘is’. From this error I
think that those error might happen because of the lack of understanding about passive voice.
Original sentence Reconstruction
15. A blouse is make of
cotton. A blouse is made of cotton.
In the sentence, there is an error in using the verb form. The students used the wrong form of the verb, that is ‘make’. Here it could be
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seen that the students do not well about the verb form. This error is called ‘misinformation’.
Original sentence Reconstruction
16. A blouse is being
making of cotton. A blouse is made of cotton.
There are two kind s of errors in this sentence, they are: addition and misinformation. Addition error is characterized by the presence of an
item that must not appear in well form utterance. It is found as addition error since the students presented an item that must not appear, it is
‘being’. While misinformation error is characterized by used the wrong form of a morphemes or structure. Here, the student used the wrong form
of the verb, it is ‘making, it must be ‘made’. Those errors might occur because the students don’t understand how to make passive form of verb
tense. Original sentence
Reconstruction 17.
A blouse is making of cotton.
A blouse is made of cotton.
In this sentence, the students used the wrong form the verb ‘making’, it must be ‘made’ and the sentence is in style present tenses. It
might occur because the students do not understand making passive form of verb tense. The kind of error is called as misinformation.
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Original sentence Reconstruction
18. Carol is being
interesting in ancient history.
Carol is interested in ancient history.
In this original sentence, it is found two kinds of errors, they are: addition error and misinformation error. Addition error happens because
the students presented the item that must not appear in that sentence. That is ‘being’. Then, there is also found misinformation error. It happens
because they used the wrong verb form that is ‘interesting’ which must be ‘interested’. I assume that this error might occur because of the lack of
knowledge about making simple present sentence in passive form. Original sentence
Reconstruction 19.
Carol is interesting in ancient history.
Carol is interested in ancient history.
In this sentence, the students use the wrong form the verb, that is ‘interesting’, it must be ‘interested’ because the passive form of the verb
‘interesting’ is interested. It might occur because the students do not understand well about passive voice.
Original sentence Reconstruction
20. Carol was to interested
in ancient history. Carol is interested in ancient
history.
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We can see that there are two kinds of errors that can be found in this sentence. They are: addition and misinformation. It is addition error
because the present of the item ‘to’ while it must not appear in well- formed utterance. Then there is also misinformation error, that is the use of
the wrong form of to be. It is, ‘was’, it must be ‘is’. This error might occur because the students still feel confused about the passive voice.
Original sentence Reconstruction
21. Water is composed by
hydrogen and oxygen. Water are composed by hydrogen
and oxygen.
In this sentence, the student used the wrong form the to be of the ‘is’ it must be ‘are’. The kind of error is called misinformation. This error
might occur because the students still do not understand subject verb agreement.
Original sentence Reconstruction
22. Water are being
composed by hydrogen and oxygen.
Water are composed by the hydrogen and oxygen.
In this original sentence contain of error which is found in this item is called as addition error. The addition error happens because the
students present the item ‘being’, while it must not appear in this sentence.
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Original sentence Reconstruction
23. Water was composed
by hydrogen and oxygen.
Water are composed by hydrogen and oxygen.
In this sentence, the students used the wrong form to be ‘was’, it must be ‘are’. The kind of error is called misinformation. It might occur
because the students do not understand about subject verb agreement. Original sentence
Reconstruction 24.
Two letters are writing by him to his parents.
Two letters are written by him to his parents.
In this sentence, the students use the wrong form the verb, that is ‘writing’, it must be ‘written’ because the verb used in passive must be in
the third form. The kind of error is called misinformation. It might occur because the students do not understand well about making passive form of
verb tense. Original sentence
Reconstruction 25.
Two letters written by him to his parents.
Two letters are written by him to his parents.
In this part, omission error is found. The students do not used to be ‘are’ which must appear in that utterance. Since to make passive sentence,
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the formula is to be + 3
rd
form of the verb. I think that this error might occur because they do not understand about making passive sentence.
Original sentence Reconstruction
26. Two letters are being
writing by him to his parents.
Two letters are written by him to his parents.
In the original sentence, there are two kinds of errors which are found they are: addition and misinformation errors. The addition error
happens because the students present of the items ‘being’ that must not appear in this sentence. Then misinformation error because of using the
wrong form of the verb ‘writing’. This error might occur because the students still fell confused about making passive sentence.
4.1.3 The errors of Using Present Continuous Tenses