The errors of Using Simple Past Tenses

Original sentence Reconstruction 31. A table was being cleaned by him. A table is being cleaned by him. In this sentence, it is found misinformation error because the students used the wrong form of to be, it is ‘was’, it must be ‘is’. This error might occur because the inability of students to used the passive form in present continuous tense.

4.1.4 The errors of Using Simple Past Tenses

Original sentence Reconstruction 1. Many guests were inviting to the wedding banquet. Many guests were invited to the wedding banquet. Misinformation error is found in this sentence, the students used the wrong form of the verb form, it is ‘inviting’ which must be ‘invited’, because the sentence uses past tense. So from the error above, it is provided that the students do not understand that we must use passive form. I think it is the main reason for them in making those errors. Original sentence Reconstruction 2. Many guests be invite to the wedding banquet. Many guests were invited to the wedding banquet. Universitas Sumatera Utara There are three kinds of errors which are found in this sentence, they are: misinformation error, omission error and addition error. We found misinformation error because the students used the wrong form of the verb ‘invite’, it must be ‘invited’. Then omission error because the students left out the item to be for past tense ‘were’ that must appear in grammatical sentence. And the last addition error happens because the students presented the item ‘be’ while it must not appear in this sentence. Original sentence Reconstruction 3. Many guests are invited to the wedding banquet. Many guests were invited to the wedding banquet. From the original sentence, the students used the wrong form of to be, it is ‘are’, it must be ‘were’. I think this error occurred because they do not know about past verb. Kind of error is called as misinformation. Original sentence Reconstruction 4. Many guests being inviting to the wedding banquet. Many guests were invited to the wedding banquet. There are three kinds of errors which found in this sentence, they are: omission error, addition error and misinformation error. It is found omission error because the students left out of to be, that is ‘were’ that must be used grammatical sentence. Then it is found addition error because the students presented the item ‘being’, while it must not appear in Universitas Sumatera Utara this sentence because sentence is past tense in the simple. The last this sentence contained misinformation error because the students used the wrong form of the verb ‘inviting’, it must be ‘invited’. I think this error might occur because they do not know about passive form of the verb tense. Original sentence Reconstruction 5. Several passengers was killed when their plane crashed. Several passengers were killed when their plane crashed. In this sentence, the students used the wrong form of to be, that is ‘was’, it must be ‘were’. I think the error happened because of the poor understanding about subject verb agreement. Original sentence Reconstruction 6. Several passengers are being killed when their plane crashed. Several passengers were killed when their plane crashed. There are two kinds of errors which found in this item, they are: addition error and misinformation error. It is called addition error because the students presented the item ‘being’ which must not appear in grammatical sentence. Then, it is found misinformation error because the students used the wrong form of to be, that is ‘are’, it must be ‘were’ in past tense. This error might occur because the inability to use verb in the past form. Universitas Sumatera Utara Original sentence Reconstruction 7. Several passengers were be killed when their plane crashed. Several passengers were killed when their plane crashed. Addition error is found in this sentence, the students presented the item ‘be’ while it must not appear in this sentence. This error may occur because the inability make passive sentence. Original sentence Reconstruction 8. The injured men was be taken to the hospital without delay. The injured men was taken to the hospital without delay. In this original sentence, addition error is found. The students presented the item ‘be’ which must not appear in this sentence. This error might occur because the inability to make passive sentence. Original sentence Reconstruction 9. The injured men were taken to the hospital without delay. The injured men was taken to the hospital without delay. There is misinformation error in the sentence, because the students used the wrong form of to be, ‘were’, it must be ‘was’. This error might occur because the inability of students to subject verb agreement. Universitas Sumatera Utara Original sentence Reconstruction 10. The injured men taking to the hospital without delay. The injured men was taken to the hospital without delay. There are two kinds of errors in this sentence, they are: misinformation error and omission error. Misinformation error happens because the students used the wrong of the verb, ‘taking’, it must be ‘taken’. Then, the omission error is also found in this sentence because the students omitted to be ‘was’ which must appear in grammatical sentence. This error might occur because the inability to use passive form of verb tense. Original sentence Reconstruction 11. The injured men had taken to the hospital without delay. The injured men was taken to the hospital without delay. Misinformation error is found in this sentence, the students used the wrong form of to be ‘had’, it must be ‘was’ because it should be in pas tense form. This error might occur because the inability to made passive sentence and also the lack of knowledge in verb form. Original sentence Reconstruction 12. Your bag were found under the table. You bag was found under the table. Universitas Sumatera Utara Misinformation is found in this sentence, because the students used the wrong form of to be, that is ‘were’, it must be ‘was’. This error might occur because the inability of students to use subject verb agreement. Original sentence Reconstruction 13. Your bag was be founding under the table. You bag was found under the table. We can see this sentence, there are two kinds of errors, they are: misinformation error and addition error. Misinformation error is found this sentence. The students used the wrong form of verb ‘founding’, it must be ‘found’. Addition error is found in this sentence because the students presented the item ‘be’ while must not appear in this sentence. This error may occur because the inability in passive voice. Original sentence Reconstruction 14. Your bag was founded under the table. You bag was found under the table. Misinformation is found in this sentence, because they produced the wrong form the verb ‘founded’, it must be ‘found’. This error might occur because the inability to make past participle of verb ‘find’. Universitas Sumatera Utara Original sentence Reconstruction 15. Your bag was be founded the table. You bag was found under the table. In the original sentence, we can found there are two kinds of errors in this sentence, they are: addition error and misinformation error. It is found of error addition error because the students presented the item ‘be’ which must not appear in this sentence. Then, misinformation is found in this item, because the students used the wrong form of the verb, ‘founded’, it must be ‘found’. This error might occur because the inability to make passive sentence. Original sentence Reconstruction 16. Our house be build in 1890. Our house was built in 1890. In the original sentence, we can found there are three kinds of errors, they are: omission error, addition error and misinformation error. It is found omission error because the students left out of to be, that is ‘was’ that must be appear in well-formed. Then, it found addition error because the students present the item ‘be’, while it must not appear in grammatical sentence. The last, this sentence contained misinformation error because they used the wrong form of the verb ‘build’, it must be ‘built’. I think this error might occur because they do not know about passive sentence. Universitas Sumatera Utara Original sentence Reconstruction 17. Our house was build in 1890. Our house was built in 1890. Misinformation is found in this sentence because the students used the wrong form of the verb ‘build’, it must be ‘built’. Here, the error might occur because of inability to make passive sentence. Original sentence Reconstruction 18. Our house did built in 1890. Our house was built in 1890. Misinformation is also found in this sentence because the students used the wrong form of to be ‘did’, it must be ‘was’. This error might occur because the inability to passive voice and also the lack of knowledge about subject verb agreement. Original sentence Reconstruction 19. Our house built in 1890. Our house was built in 1890. In this original sentence, it is found omission error because the students left out to be ‘was’ that must appear in grammatical sentence. The error might be occurred because the students do not understand well about passive form simple past tense. Universitas Sumatera Utara Original sentence Reconstruction 20. This olive oil was import from Spain. This olive oil was imported from Spain. In this sentence, there is an error in using the verb form. The students used the wrong form of the verb ‘import’, it must be ‘imported’. Here, it could be seen that the students do not understand well about the passive form. This error is called “misinformation”. Original sentence Reconstruction 21. This olive oil was importing from Spain. This olive oil was imported from Spain. Misinformation error is found in this sentence. The students used the wrong form of the verb ‘importing’, it must be ‘imported’. In this problem, I conjecture that the students are unable to distinguish past tense as passive sentence. Original sentence Reconstruction 22. This olive oil was being imported from Spain. This olive oil was imported from Spain. Addition error is found in this sentence. That is the students presented the item ‘being’ which must not appear in grammatical sentence because the sentence using past tenses as passive sentence. This error Universitas Sumatera Utara might occur because the students do not understand well about passive form in simple past tense. Original sentence Reconstruction 23. This olive oil being imported from Spain. This olive oil was imported from Spain. There are two kinds of errors which found in this sentence, they are: addition error and omission error. Addition error happens because the students presented the item ‘being’ while must not appear in grammatical sentence. Then, omission error because the students left out to be ‘was’ that must appear in grammatical sentence. The error might occur because they don’t understand well about passive form in simple past tense. Original sentence Reconstruction 24. This olive imported from Spain. This olive oil was imported from Spain. In this original sentence, omission error happens because the students left out the ‘was’ that must appear in grammatical sentence. I conjecture that the students are unable to distinguish past tense as passive sentence. Original sentence Reconstruction 25. This rung were made by my aunt. This rung was made by my aunt. Universitas Sumatera Utara In this part, the original sentence, we can found misinformation error, because the students used the wrong form of to be ‘were’, it must be ‘was’. This error might occur because the students do not understand well about passive form in simple past tense. Original sentence Reconstruction 26. This rung was make by my aunt. This rung was made by my aunt. Misinformation is also found in this sentence, the students used the wrong form of the verb ‘make’, it must be ‘made’. This error might occur because the students lack of understanding about passive sentence. Original sentence Reconstruction 27. This rung being making by my aunt. This rung was made by my aunt. There are three kinds of errors which can be found in this sentence, they are: addition error, misinformation error and omission error. Addition error happens because the students presented the item ‘being’. It must not appear in this sentence. Then, misinformation error happens because the students used the wrong form of the verb ‘making’, it must be ‘made’. And also found omission error because they omitted the item ‘was’. This error might occur because the students do not understand about form of verb tense. Universitas Sumatera Utara Original sentence Reconstruction 28. This rung has made by my aunt. This rung was made by my aunt. In this sentence, the students produced misinformation error. Here, they used the wrong form of to be, it is ‘has’, it must be ‘was’. I guess that they forgot to use the past tense, it also might occur because of the lack of knowledge about passive sentence. Original sentence Reconstruction 29. This composition is written by Ali. This composition was written by Ali. Misinformation error is found in this sentence, the students used the wrong form of to be ‘is’, it must be ‘was’ because it should be in pas tense form. This error might occur because the inability to passive sentence and also the lack of understanding in verb form. Original sentence Reconstruction 30. This composition being written by Ali. This composition was written by Ali. In this sentence, we can found as addition error. Because the students presented item that must not appear in this sentence. It is ‘being’. I assume that this error might occur because of the lack of knowledge about using passive form in simple past tense. Universitas Sumatera Utara Original sentence Reconstruction 31. This composition was be wrote by Ali. This composition was written by Ali. There are two kinds of errors in this sentence, they are: addition error and misinformation error. Addition error happens because the students presented the item ‘be’, that must not appear in this sentence. Then, misinformation error because they used the wrong form of the verb ‘wrote’, it must be ‘written’. I personally think that they produced those errors because they do not understand well about verb form in simple past tense. Original sentence Reconstruction 32. This composition written by Ali. This composition was written by Ali. In the original sentence, omission error happens because the students omitted of to be ‘was’ that must be appear in this sentence. This error might occur because inability of students to use passive voice correctly. Universitas Sumatera Utara

4.1.5 The errors of Using Simple Future Tenses