The data of this research is sentence contained errors obtained from 32 sentence. Those students become the respondents who took the test. From the total
amount of the data, I took sample by using purposive sample. Arikunto 2006:117 says that sample is purposed by taking the subject not based on the
level, random, or domain but is taken based on the certain purposed. Thus, the researcher took sample based on the sentences which had errors in using Passive
Tenses.
3.3. Data Collecting Method
Data collecting method is done by giving a test to students who get first until fifth rank. The data in this study are the sentences which contained errors in
using passive tenses. The data sources are the students answers. I give them a set of test consisting of 30 items, fill in the blank with appropriate voice using the
verb in the bracket. In other to collect the data I set a test consist of 30 question about passive
voice. The researcher only gave 60 minutes for the students to answer the tests.
3.4. Data Analysis Method
In analyzing the data, I apply the theory of Dulay, Burt, Krashen in analyzing the types of errors made by eleventh year students in using passive
voice, while for the steps of analysis the researcher use Rod Ellis’ theory. The
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researcher also applies grammar structure of Thomson about passive voice. The steps of analysis are:
1. Identifying Errors
In this step I compares the errors sentences I mention it as “original sentence” with what seem to be the moral or ‘correct’ sentences in the
target language which correspond with them I mentions it as ‘reconstruction’
2. Describing Errors
This next step is the step where the errors are described and classified into kinds.
3. Explaining Errors
This is the last step of the errors analysis. In this step, I tries to explain how and why a sentence called to be erroneous. After analyzing the errors
sentences, I identifies the percentages of the errors made by eleventh year students.
The students are asked to answer the test in 60 minutes. Through the test I analyzed the errors made by students. First, I checks the students’ errors in
answering the question, then I tabulate them. Secondly, I classify the group errors based on the passive voice. And the last, I analyze the errors to get the kinds
based on the theory omission, addition, general and the errors in using passive tenses and analyze based on Thomson grammar theory.
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To count the errors in percentage, the analysis also uses the formula of Bungin, 2005:171-172. The formula is:
N= fx n x 100 Notes:
n = stands for the percentages of errors fx= stands of the total frequency of the sub-categories errors
N= stands for the total errors of all categories Having counted the percentage of errors, then analyzing the errors was
done based on the classification or types of each and was also based on the mixture of errors was made, and finally, by looking up the results of the analysis,
drew some conclusion.
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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
