CHAPTER III THE METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
There are three kinds of research based on the location of the research i.e. field research, library research, laboratory Bungin, 2005:40-41. In
writing this thesis, field research and library research are applied. While the term field research
www.wikipedia.com is also used by many industries as a
generic reference to collecting or creating new information outside of a laboratory or typical workplace. Participant observation, data collection, and survey research
are examples of field research, in contrast to what is often called experimental or lab research. The advantages of field research are that people are closer to real
world conditions and that the business can design the research in the best way to discover the particular information required. Business can also be sure that the
information gathered is up to date. Besides field research, I also apply library research. Nawawi 1993:30
says that “Penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan denga cara menghimpun data dari berbagai literature baik di perpustakaan maupun tempat-tampat lainnya. A
library research is done by collecting the data from any kinds of source in the library or any others places. A library research will generally include primary
sources as well as secondary sources. Research libraries can be either reference libraries, which do not lend their holdings, or lending libraries, which do lend all
or some of their holdings. Some extremely large or traditional research libraries are entirely reference in this sense.
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The method of the study used is quantitative method as Arikunto 2006:12 says that quantitative research applies number from collecting the data,
describing the data, until the result of the research. Moreover, the results of the research would be better by applying table, graph, draft, picture, etc.
3.2. Data and Data Source
The research had been done to the ninth year students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah MAN Panyabungan. The research was limited on the Eleventh year
students or 2
nd
grade senior high school students. The total number of the Eleventh year students hare was about 245 students. They were divided into 7
classes. I do field research in MAN I Panyabungan. This research is done after I
got permission from the headmaster in the school. There are 7 classes of eleventh year class and each class has more than 40 students. Since it is very big, I choose
the students who get first until fifth rank. The reason of doing this is that those students tend to make smaller error than others. I select a ranking of 1 to five
because, from the rank of five that was to be represent of the overall second class that is in MAN I Panyabungan. If ranked 1 to 5 are usually smart, if they are less
familiar with the passive voice lessons how to rank 6 and so on. So I am interested to select the ranking of one to five. And I choose object in second grade because
in the second grade students have learned the passive voice, if at first class still leads to the passive voice lessons.
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The data of this research is sentence contained errors obtained from 32 sentence. Those students become the respondents who took the test. From the total
amount of the data, I took sample by using purposive sample. Arikunto 2006:117 says that sample is purposed by taking the subject not based on the
level, random, or domain but is taken based on the certain purposed. Thus, the researcher took sample based on the sentences which had errors in using Passive
Tenses.
3.3. Data Collecting Method
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