borrowed from source language ‘incentive’ with some writing system changes the letter ‘c’ to ‘s’ and also suffix ‘-ve’ to ‘f’ in target language.
‘program’ which comes as the last word in source language goes to the first word in target language. ‘program’ is purely borrowed from source language
‘program’
4.3.3 Literal Translation
Literal translation is defined by Vinay and Darbelnet 1995:215 as “the direct transfer of a source language into a grammatically and idiomatically
appropriate target text”. It means that Literal, or word for word is the direct transfer of a source language text into the target language.
These following table shows the data concluded into literal translation where the text in source language is translated word for word into target language
by adopting target language structure.
Table 10: Literal Translation
No. No. Data
SOURCE TEXT TARGET TEXT
1 11
purchasing power parity keseimbangan daya beli
2 18
unemployment Pengangguran
3 36
entrepreneur Wirausahawan
4 38
venture capital company perusahaan modal bersama
5 41
franchise Waralaba
6 42
sole proprietorship perusahaan perseorangan
7 44
general partnership persekutuan firma
8 45
limited partnership persekutuan terbatas
9 46
limited partner sekutu terbatas
Universitas Sumatera Utara
10 47
general active partner sekutu umum aktif
11 50
corporation Perusahaan
12 53
double taxation pajak ganda
13 54
closely held or private corporation
perseroan terbatas tertutup pribadi
14 55
publicly held or public corporation
perseroan terbatas terbuka public
15 60
corporate governance pemerintahan perusahaan
16 62
stock Saham
17 64
common stock saham biasa
18 68
joint venture usaha patungan
19 69
Employee Stock Ownership Plan ESOP
Rencana Kepemilikan Saham Karyawan ESOP
20 75
goal Sasaran
21 81
long-term goal sasaran jangka panjang
22 82
intermediate term goal sasaran jangka menengah
23 83
short-term goal sasaran jangka pendek
24 95
planning Perencanaan
25 96
organizing Pengorganisasian
26 97
directing Pengarahan
27 98
controlling Pengawasan
28 103
human relation skills ketermapilan hubungan
manusia 29
105 decision-making skills
keterampilan pengambilan keputusan
30 106
time management skills keterampilan pengelolaan
waktu 31
107 corporate skills
budaya perusahaan 32
112 replacement chart
bagan pengganti 33
121 performance appraisal
penilaian pekerjaan 34
123 wages
Upah
Universitas Sumatera Utara
35 124
salary Gaji
36 135
marketing Pemasaran
37 136
value Nilai
38 137
utility Kegunaan
39 139
services Jasa
40 143
target market pasar sasaran
41 149
intermediary Perantara
42 150
wholesaler pedagang besar
43 151
retailer Pengecer
44 158
specialty store toko khusus
45 160
bargain retailer pengecer murah
46 162
warehousing Pergudangan
47 164
order fulfillment pemenuhan pesanan
4.3.4 Equivalence
