tried to convince the people that the counsel investigation team had gone too far in interfering his life that was considered as a political
attempt to make his position in danger.
c. Division partitio
In division part, the speaker is about to take the audience on a journey of logic and emotion, so it is better to give them an idea of
where they‘re going, so that it will be easier to follow the speech. Here are some examples:
I can only tell you I was motivated by many factors. SP1501:33-01:37
But I believe that to be forgiven, more than sorrow is required - at least two more things.
SP4902:06-02:15 The examples above showed clearly about what division was.
President Clinton was dividing what he ought to say in terms stated above.president Clinton tried to break down what he would like to
say to make the audience felt easier to follow the topic.
d. Proof confirmatio
The main body of the speech is proof. In the proof section, the speaker has to construct logical arguments that the audience can
understand and follow. It is suggested to relate back to the facts that is mentioned in the statement of facts to back up what the speaker
says and to make people convinced. Here is the example:
Indeed, I did have a relationship with Ms. Lewinsky that was not appropriate.
SP0800:49-00:53 The example showed how President proved from what the fact that
he truly answered the questions of the grand jury in that afternoon about his relationship with Ms. Lewinsky. It showed how much he
would like to convince his people to believe that he wanted to apologise.
e. Refutation refutatio
Refutation is when the speaker says or proves that a person, statement, opinion, or anything is wrong or false. It is a form of
showing the weakness of the speaker itself or others‘. The aim of refutation is to give the speaker a chance to preemptively answer any
counterarguments an opposing side may bring up and resolve any doubts on the audience. Here is the example:
In fact, it was wrong. It constituted a critical lapse in judgment and a personal failure on my part for which I am
solely and completely responsible. SP09-1000:54-01:04
Sometimes refutation is used to show the speaker‘s modesty to gain the sympathy of the audience. Here, President Clinton did the
refutation to show that even as a president, he also made mistake like any other human being. He would like to make his people still
trusted him because he would like to take full responsibility for what he did.
f. Conclusion peroration
