c. The Sociocultural – Historical Approach
The sociocultural – historical approach leads the readers to analyze a novel in reference to the civilization that produces the novel. Civilization is defined as the
attitudes and actions of a specific group of people. Meanwhile, it is necessary to investigate the social milieu, the cultural and the historical background in which a
novel is created 9.
d. The Mythopoeic Approach
Using the mythopoeic approach, the readers analyze the novel by trying to discover certain universally recurrent patterns of a human thought. The
universally recurrent patterns are those that found first expression in ancient myth or folk rites and are also basic to human thought that they have meaning for all
man 11.
e. The Psychological Approach
This approach brings us to analyze a novel from point of view of human beings. Freud’s exploration of unconscious area of the human mind led him to the
conclusion that it was the area of the wellspring of man’s rich imagination, his capacity for creation, and the complexity of his thought and behaviour, and that
the contents of this region of mind found expression in symbolic words, thoughts, and actions. Through the analysis of the structure and content of the dreams, he is
led to believe that there exists a set of symbols which are common to all men and which can be interpreted in light of the individual’s experience 13.
4. Conflict
This section consists of some theories related to conflict. They are the theory of conflicts, the types of conflicts, and the conflict resolutions. The theory of
conflict is needed to analyze the major characters interpersonal conflict psychologically.
a. Definition of Conflict
Laurence Perrine defines conflicts as clash of actions, ideas, and desires or wills between two individuals or among people in the society. The conflict can
include physical, mental, emotional, or moral aspects. In the real life people try to avoid conflict because they prefer to live without any clash or quarrel. Although
people try to avoid conflicts, they will face a conflict, even without wars or large scale of disagreement 44.
According to Perrine conflict in a literary work may consist of one conflict that is stated clearly and the reader can easily identify the conflict. It may also
consist of many conflicts that are difficult to be understood by the reader. To understand multi conflicts the reader should analyse the conflicts one by one 44.
According to Redman a conflict means the struggle between two opposing forces, ideas and beliefs 363. Conflict can happen between a person with other people
and a person within himself.
b. Types of Conflict
Redman states that in literary context there are two terms of conflict: first inner conflict, which means a struggle within the heart and mind of the protagonist and
second, external conflict, which refers to a struggle between the protagonist and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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