Hyponymy Converseness Semantic Field

systematic and easy way of describing similarity and difference in meaning. It consists of breaking down the meaning of a word into what are known as semantic components or features. A lexeme can be analyzed by the componential analysis based on notation that has it . For example, the word “father” has a component of meaning +human, + adult , + male , + married , and + have a child; and the word “mother” has a component of meaning + human , + adult , - male , + married , and + have a child . When is compared between the component of father and mother is visible as the following table. Table 1: The componential analysis of the meaning words: father and mother Description: The sign + means have components, and the sign - means it has no component. From the table shows that the different meaning of the father and mother only on the components of meaning male; father has a component of meaning male, whereas them other does not have it. To No. Components of meaning Father Mother 1. Human + + 2. Adult + + 3. Males + - 4. Married + + 5. Have a child + + more clearly, consider the analysis component of meaning the words: man, woman, boy, girl, and bull. Table 2: The componential analysis of the meaning words: Man, woman, boy, girl and bull No. Components of meaning Boy Girl Man Woman Bull 1. Human + + + + - 2. Adult - - + + - 3. Male + - + - +- The table shows that man, woman, boy, girl have a component of meaning + human , while the bull has not a component of meaning + adult , while the boy and the bull has not a component of meaning - adult . Furthermore, it appears that man and the boy have a component of meaning + male , while the woman and girl have not component of meaning - male . And the bull may has or has no because the bull including male and female. 40 Componential analysis can provide some benefits for semantic analysis. 40 A. Lehrer, Semantic Field and Lexical Structure, pp.318-319.