will be explained into categories which have a relationship between Code Switching and Code Mixing.
1.7 Review of Related Literature
These are some thesis and journals related to code mixing and code switching that is reviewed in order to support this analysis.
Tarigan 2005 in Language Code Switching and Code Mixing on Indonesian Music Television’s Video Jockeys, A Sociolinguistic Study. He analyzed about
code switching and code mixing used by the presenter or host is known as a video jockey in television music program MTV in Indonesia. Based on the analysis, he
concludes that the host of television music program has done over the code switching and code mixing in their activities to bring the television music
program. The host usually use code switching and code mixing by adjusting the situation and identify who they are talking.
Hanafiah 2007 in Sociolinguistics Theory an Introduction. He listed some quotations about the seven reasons for bilinguals to mix or switch their codes or
languages; and some variables that can also influence the occurrence of language mixing and switching.
Nababan 2009 in An Analysis of Code Switching And Code Mixing In EI TU ZE Bukan Impian Biasa By Danni Junus. She analyzed about code switching and
code mixing found in the novel EI TU ZE Bukan Impian Biasa By Danni Junus based on Suwito; and Chaer and Agustina theory. Based on the analysis, she
concludes that outer code mixing is the most dominant type of code switching and code mixing in EI TU ZE Bukan Impian Biasa By Danni Junus. It can be
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concluded that the ability in mastering more than one language has influenced Danni Junus in writing this novel.
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CHAPTER II A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS
2.1 Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics is one of study about language in related by society condition. Jendra 2010:9 says ”sociolinguistics is a branch of linguistics that takes
language as an subject of study, in a way that is usually distinguished from how syntax, semantics, morphology, and phonology handle it.” Hudson 1980:4 says
“sociolinguistics is study of language in relation to society.” Wardaugh 1998:12 states that sociolinguistics is concern with investigating the relationships between
language and society with the goal being a better understanding of the structure of language and how languages function in communication,” while Gumperz in
Wardaugh 1998:11 states that sociolinguistics is an attempt to find correlations between social structure and linguistic structure and to observe any changes that
occurs.” There are several possible relationships between language and society. On is
that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and behaviour. Certain evidence may be adduced to support this view: the age grading
phenomenon whereby young children speak differently from mature adults; studies which show that the varieties of language that speakers use reflects such
matters as their regional, social, or ethnic origin or possibly even their sex gender; and other studies which show that particular ways of speaking, choices
of words, and even rules for conversing are in fact highly determined by certain social requirements. The second possible relationship is directly opposed to the
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first: linguistic structure and behaviour may either influence or determine social structure. The third possible relationship is that the influence is bi-directional:
language and society may influence each other. One variant of this approach is that this influence is dialectical in nature. The fourth possibility is to assume that
there is no relationship at all between linguistic structures and that each is independent of the other. A variant of this possibility would be to say that,
although there might be some such relationship, presents attempts to characterize it are essentially premature, given what we know about both language and society.
Actually this variant views an asocial linguistics as a preliminary to any other kind of linguistics, such as asocial approach being, in his view, and logically
prior. Language study should be based more on the view that human experiences are
basically plural and every different language and variety of it reflects natural and cultural diversities. Holmes 2001:9 says that there are four different dimensions
for analysis which relate to the social factors: 1.
A social distance scale concerned with participant relationships 2.
A status scale concerned with participant relationships 3.
A formality scale relating to the setting or type of interaction 4.
Two functional scales relating to the purposes or topic of interaction
2.2 Types of Using Language 2.2.1 Bilingual
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