28
Cambridge
Learner’s
Dictionary Online
will be abbreviated into
CLDO,
meanwhile
Oxford Advanced
Learner’s
Dictionary Online
will be abbreviated into
OALDO.
This research analyzed sense relations between meaning and phrase structure of the definitions particularly as noun phrases. Both of the analyses
covered the linguistic fields, namely semantics and syntax. As stated by Aitchison 2003, semantics is one of the branches in linguistics that concerns about
meaning, meanwhile syntax is a branch of linguistics that deals with how the words are combined. In conclusion, the nature of this research is semantic and
syntactic analysis since this research deals with meaning and phrase construction.
B. Research Setting and Data Sources
This research was started from 17 September 2016. The primary data of this research is the definitions of sports that were competed in
Rio Olympics 2016
. The definitions were collected from two online dictionaries. They were
Cambridge
Learner’s Dictionary Online and Oxford Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary Online.
The researcher used the online versions of the dictionaries since words may increase from day to day. As a result, the dictionaries should be
up to date. By accessing the online versions of the dictionaries, it is expected that the dictionaries will be updated easily without waiting for the launching of the
printed ones. Further, the researcher dealt with the documents in forms of sport s‟
definitions. As the main sources of the definitions were accessed online, the definitions were collected from the web pages for the dictionaries. The web pages
29 were
http:dictionary.cambridge.orgsearchdslearner-english
and
https:www.oxforddictionaries.comlearnersOALD.
In addition, the researcher collected the definitions starting from September 2016 until March 2017 since the researcher should check the
definitions periodically to see whether there was a change in the definitions or not. Further, as this research carried out qualitative research which employed semantic
and syntactic analysis, thus the only human instrument was the researcher itself. The subject of this research was the selected sports which were competed
in
Rio Olympics
. Officially, there were noted 42 sports in
Rio Olympics
. However, there were 32 sports to be discussed in this chapter. They were
archery, athletics, badminton, basketball, beach volleyball, boxing, canoeing, cycling, diving,
equestrian, fencing, football, golf, gymnastic, handball, hockey, judo, modern pentathlon, rowing, rugby, sailing, shooting, swimming, table tennis, Tae Kwon
Do, tennis, trampoline, triathlon, volley ball, water polo, weightlifting, and wrestling.
The researcher preferred to select 32 sports only as the main data since some of the sports were having the similar activity, but they differred in the
manner such as
wrestling
. In
wrestling
, there were two kinds of wrestling, namely
wrestling freestyle
and
wrestling greco-Roman
. Thus, the researcher classified that one into
wrestling
. The other sports which were classified as one sport are
canoe slalom
and
canoe sprint
into
canoeing
,
cycling bmx, cycling mountain bike, cycling road
, and
cycling track
into
cycling
,
equestrian dressage, equestrian eventing
, and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
30
equestrian jumping
into
equestrian
,
gymnastic artistic
and
gymnastic rhytmic
into
gymnasti
c, and finally
swimming
and
synchronized swimming
into
swimming
. C.
Data Gathering Technique
The researcher examined the definitions that were collected from the
CLDO
and
OALDO
as the main sources. As Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, and Razavieh 2010 argue that the instruments to be studied in research are various such as
textbooks, newspapers, web pages, speeches, television programs, advertisements, musical compositions, and any other types of documents. Since this research dealt
with definitions, the researcher used the dictionaries as the main sources. In order to collect the definitions, the researcher implied some steps. First,
the researcher searched online about the sports that were competed in
Rio Olympics 2016
in
https:www.olympic.orgrio-2016
. Second, the researcher determined the sports that would be used as the main sources of the data. Third,
the researcher accessed the dictionaries online, namely Cambridge Learner’s
Dictionary Online
and Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Online to find the
definitions of the selected sports. This step was done by typing the selected sports on a search box in the web pages of the dictionaries in order to gain the data.
Next, the definitions are pasted and classified into a table to be analyzed. The researcher drew the table of the definitions from both dictionaries under the same
discussion in order to summarize the definitions. The example of data gathering is illustrated in Table 3.1.
31
Table 3.1 The Definitions of Sports based on
CLDO
and
OALDO
No. Kinds of sports
Definitions CLDO
OALDO
1. Archery
2. Diving
3. ........
32.
D. Data Analysis Technique
After the data were collected, some steps were done by the researcher to analyze the data. The analysis process was done in order to answer the research
problems as stated in chapter 1. 2. Being clear, the first research problem deals with the way the selected sports are defined in terms of hyponymy relation and
headword. Besides, the second question deals with the way the definitions are constructed syntactically.
As previously discussed, it was registered in
Rio Olympics
that the sports came as the hyperonym or the superordinate of some hyponyms such as
archery, athletics,
and
basketball.
Hence, it is expected that the word
sport
comes as the heading of the definitions. As a consequence, the researcher attempted to examine
the headword of the definitions as one of the features to look at the relation beetween the hyponymy and the headword as the initial step. In other words, the
researcher investigated the headword of the definitions to begin the analysis. To PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
