17 Booij 2005 defines the headword as the syntactic category which
determines the kind of the whole phrase. For instance, the noun phrase is a phrase whose head is noun. The phrase
the book
is a noun phrase. The head of the phrase is
book.
In line with this, Ydin and Seker 2013 state that “the head is the element
in which the complement is reffered or belongs” p. 234. Further, Bauer 2007 also notes that the headword is the most important word since in the phrase
red onion,
the
onion
acts as the head and it determines the kind of the whole phrase, namely noun phrase.
5. Syntax
O‟Grady, Dobrovolsky, and Katamba 1997 mention a language involves the system of rules and categories in forming a sentence. Further, it can be implied
that the sentence is created by obeying the particular rules or patterns. Hence, the way of language is constructed might be considered as an interesting field to be
explored. As a result, the study of rules or patterns in a sentence is discussed further in syntax.
Syntax is one of the branches in linguistics which studies how the words are put together to generate a sentence. In line with this, Culicover 1982 also
agrees that syntax involves the elements of sentence and a set of rules which words are grouped together. As this research carried out syntactic analysis, thus
the meaning of syntactic analysis is required. As argued by Patrut 2012, a syntactic analysis is also known for “the parsing of a string of words that might be
seen as a process of searching for a derivatio n tree” p. 131. Therefore, it is
18 expected that a syntactic study will break down the formation of particular
sentences or phrases. From the explanation about syntax, it can be inferred that there are two
main elements in building a sentence. They are the categories of syntax and the patterns or rules of syntax. As a result, this part will be divided into two main
categories, namely th e syntactic categories and the general rule based on O‟Grady,
et al. 1997.
a. Categories
One of the elements in sentence formation is categorization. Words can be enlarged into phrases, sentences, or clauses as a result of small number of classes
which is called syntactic categories. Further, O‟Grady, et al. 1997 classify the
categories into two big items. They are lexical categories and non-lexical categories. The lexical categories are groups of categories which are prominent in
sentence formation. Further, the lexical categories consist of noun, verb, adjective, preposition, and adverb. For the shake of convenience in later discussion, the
lexical categories will be labelled as N for noun, V for verb, A for adjective, P for preposition, and Adv for adverb. Besides, the non-lexical categories
consist of determiner, degree word, qualifier, auxiliary, and conjunction. Respectively, the non-lexical categories will be treated equally by giving them the
label such as Det for determiner, Deg for degree word, Qual for qualifier, Aux for auxiliary, and Con for conjunction. To summarize the categories, the
researcher provides a table of cate gories based on O‟Grady, et al. 1997 as
illustrated in Table 2.1. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
